T'ai-wan

The Chinese now call Formosa 臺灣 Tʻai-wan which is properly the name of the capital of the island, situated on the western coast. But Tʻai-wan is mentioned also in the Ming-shi as a place of Ki-lung-shan, where about A.D. 1620 the red-haired barbarians (the Dutch) settled.

Source: wiktionary

The hilly topography restricts the cultivated area mainly to the valleys of the Hsi River and of its tributaries in Kuang-hsi and Kuang-tung and the lowlands of T'ai-wan and Hai-nan. Western T'ai-wan and the Hsi River delta have extremely high population densities.

Source: wiktionary

In addition to SEADAG, I am also indebted to the University of Chicago, Committee on Far Eastern Studies, for supporting a year of additional language study in T'ai-wan and to the Inter-University Program for Chinese Languages Studies in T'ai-pei (administered by Stanford University) for round trip travel assistance to T'ai-wan.

Source: wiktionary

Taiwan Province is abbreviated "T'ai" [0669]. It is situated in the sea in the southeastern part of the east China area, facing the Pacific Ocean to the east. In^([sic]) includes T'ai-wan Island, the Pescadores, the Tiao-yu Islands, Ch'in-wei Hsu [Islet], P'eng-chia Hsu, Lan Hsu, Huo-shao Island, and other ancillary islands and islets. It covers an area of 36,000 square kilometers, and has a population of 12,040,000. T'ai-wan Island is China's largest island.

Source: wiktionary