Sanction

approvazione

(approval, by an authority, that makes something valid)

convalida

(approval, by an authority, that makes something valid)

ratifica

(approval, by an authority, that makes something valid)

sanzione

(penalty or coercive measure)

approvare

(to give authorization or approval to)

ratificare

(to give authorization or approval to)

sancire

(to give authorization or approval to)

sanzionare

(to penalize a state, especially for violating international law)