Pre-mortem

"The only guess I can make, and nothing beyond guessing seems possible in the case, is that the monument, if really erected in memory of Sir John Ackland, was executed in his lifetime, at his order and cost, and was completed—perhaps erected—in 1613–14. Pre-mortem monuments are by no means rare."

"Histology of internal organs and fluid found in body cavities can be useful for even moderately decomposed animals to identify haemorrhaging and blood clotting, which would only occur pre-mortem."

"The pre-mortem is the most elegant of the methods for its simplicity, but it can suffer from limited expert participation and a less rigorous process. Pre-mortems have gained traction among military planners as way to overcome placing too much confidence in their own plans."