Apohyal

In three species of Spheniscus, namely—Spheniscus magellanicus, Spheniscus demersus, and Spheniscus mendiculus, I found this muscle prolonged forwards to the great cornu of the hyoid bone, to the apohyal element of which it took a distinct attachment .

Each of these elongations is accompanied by a slender muscle, one end of which is attached to the tip of the apohyal and the other to the lower jaw, so that by its contraction the loop is straightened and the tongue thrust out:

The proximal of these is a small nodule of bone, .3 inch long, articulating below with the basihyal; it is called the "apohyal" by Pouchet, but, according to the nomenclature now ordinarily employed, must really be the cerato-hyal .

But is the human hyoid nevertheless absolutely deprived of the lateral parts of the skull? That is not the case. A ligament coming from each small callosity or from the apohyal is prolonged laterally and reaches the extremity of the styloid apophysis.