Atherosclerotic

Researchers then showed that a simple sugar, called trehalose, stimulated macrophages in the same way. In experiments with mice prone to atherosclerotic plaques, injection of the sugar molecule decreased plaque size by 30 percent.

Orificial atherosclerotic lesions are much less likely to respond to balloon dilation alone because they are essentially composed of aortic plaque, which cannot be effectively cracked and remodeled in a durable manner by a balloon alone.