Biodeposition

These community-level changes have likely resulted in concomitant changes in the ecosystem functions and services, such as water filtration, biodeposition, bioturbation [7 ,8 ], provision of substrate for epibionts (e.g., algae and barnacles), refugia (e.g., crabs, fishes)[9 ], and food resources for economically-important and threatened species (e.g., fish, [10 ]; crabs, [11 ]; birds, [12 ]).