Caudad

From within the cephalad and caudad extremities of the valves numerous hairs protrude.

However, vigorous contractions may occur at the same time in the caudad stomach and the upper part of the small intestine.

If the head of the pancreas is placed in a caudad position, the vascular anastomotic techniques are not different from those described for systemic vein and bladder drainage (see above).