Contrabureaucratic

The emergence of these contrabureaucratic organizations calls for a new model of organization that can encompass their alternative practices and aspirations.

First are contrabureaucratic structures that resist organization that promotes 'the employer viewpoint,' such as universalism.

While not using the term prefiguration, Rothschild-Whitt’s study of collectivist organisations was one of the first to theorise the organisational dynamics and structural commonalities of what she called ‘contrabureaucratic’ organisations, highlighting their ‘alternative practices and aspirations’...