Evapocondensation

The heat exchange due to evapocondensation, Hₑ, and the sensible heat exchange, H_c, were estimated using the following equations as recommended by Carter [1974]: […]

This is reflected in an increase in the absolute value of mean air temperatures, a decrease in the mean monthly values of relative humidity of the air and an increase in the intensity of evapocondensation phenomena that we have described elsewhere [5,6].

In these experiments, the droplet condensation step is simulated by a mixture of aerosol particles and Milli-Q water, acidified with sulphuric acid to various concentrations. The stabilised pH of this mixture is named pH of evapocondensation (pH_(EC)). Then, the aqueous phase is evaporated under a flow of pure nitrogen, and dried aerosol particles are recovered.

While being transported away from their sources, however, metal content and speciation are modified by atmospheric processes of cloud evapocondensation cycles, photochemistry, and possibly organic complexation.