Extractivism

Extractivism, a term born of anti-colonial struggle and thought in the Americas, is a mode of accumulation based on hyper-extraction with lopsided benefits and costs: concentrated mass-scale removal of resources primarily for export, with benefits largely accumulating far from the sites of extraction.

Industrial extractivism (a definition that Vidal would extend to include modern intensive agriculture) has contributed to the recent freefall in bird, mammal and amphibian numbers.