Ice-minus

Bees are know to carry the natural version of P. syringae after pollinating strawberry plants, but AGS points out that ice-minus poses no threat to other plants or insects.

For ice-minus, the proposed mechanism was that engineered organisms would displace natural ones, and the hazard was a disruption of ecological processes in which ice formation is critical.

In laboratory experiments, ice-minus conferred frost-tolerance on strawberries on to which it was sprayed.