Impoverishee

There are today five conditions for enrichment without cause as a source of obligation: (1) correlative impoverishment and enrichment, (2) absence of fault on the part of the impoverishee, (3) absence of a personal interest on the part of the impoverishee, (4) absence of cause, (5) absence of another action, which is explained by the subsidiary character of the action de in rem verso.

The court construed the "absence of justification" requirement as mandating the lack of a valid juridical act, either between the impoverishee and the enrichee or between the enrichee and a third party, which justified the enrichment.