Mihaffa

Shir Khān... alleged as a pretext that he had a large number of families with him, and having placed two thousand armed Afghāns in closed litters⁷ sent them towards the fort. 7 The Mihaffa is, as its name implies, a litter so closed in that the curtains surround on all sides the sitter upon it...

Yet comfort in those days might well be considered hardship in these. Men who experienced the sensations of transport by camel cacolet during the Great War will sympathise with poor Mr. Beawes, who was daily shaken almost to pieces in a mihaffa.

...ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Abuʾl-Ḥasan al-Bakrī (d. 952/1545–6), a rich ʿālim and a Sufi, wrote poetry. Shaʿrānī reports that he was the first to go on pilgrimage in a litter (miḥaffa).

Royal ladies generally travelled in the imaris—an octagonal seat with canopy and its sides covered with curtains, carried by an elephant on its back or in the mihaffa—a rectangular seat, carried by two camels.

The Central Asian mihaffa (a sort of wooden turret suspended from two poles between two camels used at the time of travelling) was also common in India.

Mohafa. This is the palanquin of rich females... it is entirely covered with a red lianging, and has no other ornament than a ball of copper at the top of the bambou... The Mohafa is carried by four servants, and attended by a number proportioned to the rank of the lady... Nevertheless the women who conform strictly to the precepts of their religion, are attended but by four bearers, however great their fortune.

The Levirate marriage... expenses are borne by the bridegroom, and the bride is carried with much parade in a palanquin, enclosed with curtains (Mihaffa).