Millikelvin

ILT's device cools samples to several millikelvins, cold enough to freeze helium.

This zero-bias maximum disappears as temperature is raised above several hundred millikelvin, in agreement with theory ( 8 ): Because V sd is equal to the separation between the Fermi levels of the two leads, finite V sd splits the Kondo resonance into two peaks.

The temperatures required for producing a crystalline solid out of such a "one-component plasma" (3) are in the millikelvin range.

These results imply that DNA molecules can be conducting down to millikelvin temperature and that phase coherence is maintained over several hundred nanometers.