Misdifferentiate

In the absence of Mxxl, cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme consequently fails to proliferate and misdifferentiates (Han et al., 2003a).

Sumoylation-deficient Drosophila lesswright mutants have been shown to induce overproduction of hemocytes and form melanotic tumors whereas Ubc9 mutations activate progenitors to misdifferentiate, become hyperplastic, and develop microtumors [172, 173].

Mesenchymal stem cells of patients with ossification are thought to misdifferentiate into osteoblasts instead of target ligament cells because they have high osteogenic ability.