Osteoinducing

For osteogenic differentiation, we incubated cells at 100 % confluency with an osteoinducing medium containing the regular culture medium further supplemented with 10 −8 M dexamethasone, 0.3 g/l L−glutamine, 10 mM β-phospherglycerol, and 50 mg/l ascorbic acid (all from Sigma-Aldrich).