Parafoulbrood

Parafoulbrood is extremely infectious, apparently being readily transmitted by robbing, drifting, and by the exchange of brood or honey from infected colonies.

Determination of causative organisms of European foulbrood and parafoulbrood needs investigation.

At times nearly all brood diseases (American foulbrood, European foulbrood, parafoulbrood, sacbrood) were thought to represent a single malady. European and American foulbroods were especially confused.