Proto-racism

While these mainly focused on the relationship with Jews and Jewish conversos, other historians envisioned Iberian contribution to racism as the elaboration and distillation of Muslim proto-racism that gradually distinguished Africans from >whites< and that, even before the beginning of the Atlantic slave-trade, attributed different characteristics to the members of each cluster.

Postmodernity, in Latin America in the I980s, had to do with modernity, from the sixteenth century onward: colonial domination, proto-racisms, the epistemic inferiorization of the non-Western world, the transatlantic capitalist/ mercantile order, and uneven development among other issues.

Proto-racism is also identified in Roman views of subject peoples, the idea of collective natural slavery was intertwined with patterns of conquest, subjugation and governance.

According to this perspective, these ideas already existed in the form of proto-racism and Shakespeare employs the medium of theatre to reinforce and disseminate them.