Public transport

Nevertheless, China’s investment in subway systems is overwhelmingly positive. And there are also encouraging signs, too, that Chinese cities are beginning to shape urban development around public transport hubs. For example, Tiantongyuan, a high-density community of giant housing blocks in the suburbs of northern Beijing, has three subway stations.

The Airports National Policy Statement objectives require the proportion of journeys made to the airport by passengers to be at least 50% by public transport by 2030 and 55% by 2040.