Rel

The altered mosquitoes produce higher than normal levels of the immune system protein, Rel2. That activates a host of anti-parasitic molecules which, in turn, launch an all-out attack on the malaria parasite.

Since M#95;0 and M#95;1 are cobordant rel boundary and f#95;0,f#95;1 are n-connected, the number #92;delta#58;#61;#92;frac12(#92;mathrm#123;rk#125;H#95;nM#95;0-#92;mathrm#123;rk#125;H#95;nM#95;1) is a nonnnegative integer.

The following notations are in common use: H#58;f#92;simeqg (rel A) means that H is a homotopy rel A from f to g....

Then in n#92;gen', there is a map h#58;Z#92;toZ' such that h#124;A#61;g and gf#92;simeqf'h rel A, so the diagram above is commutative up to homotopy rel A.