Rhomania

There is a significant coincidence of dates between several events: the splitting of the Paulician community in Rhomania in consequence of Séryios’s innovations; the breach between Séryios’s partisans and the East Roman Imperial Government, […]

In this letter the basileus informed the Pope that Béla III had attacked Serbia, since he was not content with his own country, “which he acquired with difficulties and with the help of the armies and the money of Rhomania [i.e. Byzantium]”.

If the Constantinopolitan Byzantines regarded the Anatolian Turkic territories as lands temporarily lost from their indivisible universal Rhomania, the Turkoman rulers of the twelfth century considered Rhomania as being factually divided between several rulers.