Superplume

During this period, giant megaplumes exploded from deep within the earth, expelling huge quantities of molten material. These structures spread across the earth's surface, becoming ten times larger than average plumes. These “superplume” explosions were responsible for the volcanic activity that affected the ocean floor during the mid-Cretaceous period about 90 million to 100 million years ago.

Superplumes may increase the rate of movement in the liquid outer core, altering the force of the geodynamo.

According to current theory, superplumes affect the shape of the crust, tectonic movement, geomagnetism, climate, and the course of evolution.