Zapadnichestvo

In general, however, this leftist wing of zapadnichestvo became more Russian in character , and offered a more original interpretation of Russia's path of development than the liberal versions.

According to the spiritual father of zapadnichestvo in the early nineteenth century, Pyotr Chaadaev, Russia had in no way participated in the development of humankind, and it had merely distorted everything that had been elft over from the progress achieved elsewhere.