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PIE nouns, adjectives, and verbs can be divided into two basic groups based on their inflectional patterns: those that had an ablauting short vowel, e or o (in shorthand -e/o-), directly before the inflectional endings (the case-endings in nouns or adjectives, the personal endings in verbs), and those with no such vowel.
Source: wiktionary
As an irregular verb, however, its past tense form is characterized by ablauting ('any vowel change that alternates') in which /e/ -> /o/ (/brek/ -> /brok/) and its past participle form is characterized by both ablauting and /(e)n/ addition.
Source: wiktionary
Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.