Any natural language processing system that does not have a knowledge of non-compositional idioms and their interpretation will make mistakes. Previous authors have attempted to automatically identify these expressions through the property of non-substitutability: similar words cannot be successfully substituted for words in non-compositional idiom expressions without changing their meaning.
Source: wiktionary
The recognition and accurate translation of proper nouns, many of which are bilingually non-compositional, are a major issue in MT and other NLP applications. This is especially true for Chinese and Japanese, whose scripts present linguistic and algorithmic challenges not found in other languages.
Source: wiktionary
An idiom is defined as a non-compositional multiword expression, one whose meaning cannot be deduced from the definitions of the component words.
Source: wiktionary