Consequently, though Russia must ultimately recover—and, organized and officered by Germans, her recovery may well be rapid—the immediate future in Central Asia and the Middle East would appear to lie at least as much with Islamic pan-nationalism as with Bolshevism.
Source: wiktionary
Nationalism is sensitive to the limits of its own security, and tends to withdraw into its own borders at precisely that point when it fears for its sovereignty and when faced with the prospect of being absorbed into a larger pan-nationalism.
Source: wiktionary
A brief overview of the three pan-nationalist trends of thought around African, Islamic, and Asian identities shows that pan-nationalism became possible as part of globalizing discourses during the high age of imperialism from the 1880s to the 1920s.
Source: wiktionary