Puffback can also be caused by a faulty pressure regulator that allows oil to drip into the combustion chamber after the burner shuts down. The leaking oil gets absorbed by the lining of the combustion chamber, and it can also pool[…]
Source: wiktionary
Broken or malfunctioning electrodes can result in smoke leaking out into the rooms of the structure. This problem, called a puffback, is not an uncommon one in oil-fired appliances (see sidebar).
Source: wiktionary
Oil burner smoke from a puffback is usually cool and easy to breathe. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is not needed. High heat emanating from the oil burner room, accompanied by thick black smoke, is an indication of a [puffback].
Source: wiktionary