Around the turn of the century, however, "routiner" or "head" music and "ear" musicians began to appear at parades. This was music more exclusively rooted in black traditions, played by men who often could not read music but who instead improvised.
Source: wiktionary
Tom Albert, present during this interview, stated that Vincent was at first a routiner (i.e., playing by rote or ear) [...]
Source: wiktionary
It seemed to the uptown routiners that aurality had its own set of advantages, and in the absence of strong evidence to the contrary it is hard to argue against them.
Source: wiktionary
The rougher bands, like Kid Ory's or Frankie Dusen's Eagle Band, thrived; they were the “routiners,” the improvisers who worked from their ear rather than reading music.
Source: wiktionary
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