Be
"Be" in Japanese
いらっしゃる
irassharu
(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence)
いる
iru
(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence)
だ
da
(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent)
だ
da
(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same)
だ
da
(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal)
だ
da
(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase)
だ
da
(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality)
だろう
darō
(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence)
ている
-te iru
(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses)
ている
-te iru
(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs)
である
dearu
(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent)
である
dearu
(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same)
である
dearu
(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal)
である
dearu
(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase)
である
dearu
(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality)
です
desu
(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent)
です
desu
(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same)
です
desu
(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal)
です
desu
(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase)
です
desu
(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality)
られる
rareru
(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice)
れる
reru
(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice)
在る
aru
(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence)
在る
aru
(to occupy a place)
存在する
sonzai suru
(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence)
居る
iru
(to occupy a place)
有る
aru
(to occur, take place)
行って来る
itte kuru
(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar)
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Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.