Be
//biː//
Translations of "be" (208 languages)
| Language | Translation | Romanization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Achang | nghuot(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), nghuot(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), nyeis(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses) | — | |
| Afrikaans | wees(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Albanian | jam(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), jam(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), jam(to occupy a place), është(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | — | |
| Ancient Greek | γίγνομαι(to occur, take place), εἰμί(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), εἰμί(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), εἰμί(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), εἰμί(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), εἰμί(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), εἰμί(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), εἰμί(to occupy a place), εἰμί(to occur, take place), εἰμί +(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), εἰμί ἴσος(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), συμβαίνω(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), συμβαίνω(to occur, take place), ὑπάρχω(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ὑπόκειμαι(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | gígnomai, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí ísos, sumbaínō, sumbaínō, hupárkhō, hupókeimai | |
| Arabic | بيبقى(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), بيتعمل(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), بيفضل(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), عمال(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), كان(to occupy a place), كَانَ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), كَانَ(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), كَانَ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), كَانَ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), كَانَ(to occupy a place), كَانَ(to occur, take place), كَانَ هُوَ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), موجود(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), هِيَ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), يبقى(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), يبقى(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), يبقى(to occupy a place), يساوى(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), يعمل(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same) | beyebʔā, beyetʕemel, beyefḍal, ʕammāl, kān, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, mawgūd, hiya, yebʔā, yebʔā, yebʔā, yesāwī, yeʕmel | |
| Armenian | եմ(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), եմ(to occupy a place), լինել(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), լինել(to occupy a place), լինել(to occur, take place) | em, em, linel, linel, linel | |
| Aromanian | escu(to occupy a place), hiu(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | ܗܵܘܹܐ(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ܗܵܘܹܐ(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), ܗܵܘܹܐ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ܗܵܘܹܐ(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ܗܵܘܹܐ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ܗܵܘܹܐ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ܗܵܘܹܐ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ܗܵܘܹܐ(to occupy a place), ܗܵܘܹܐ(to occur, take place) | hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe | |
| Asturian | facer(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), ser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(to occur, take place), tar(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), tar(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), tar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), tar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), tar(to occupy a place), tar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Avar | букӏине(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | bukʼine | |
| Azerbaijani | imək(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), imək(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), var(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Bakhtiari | هنه(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses) | hone | |
| Balinese | ada(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Bangi | zala(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Basque | egon(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), egon(to occupy a place), egon(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), izan(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), izan(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), izan(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), izan(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), izan(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), izan(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Belarusian | быць(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), быць(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), быць(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), быць(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), быць(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), быць(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), быць(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), быць(to occupy a place), быць(to occur, take place), быць(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), знахо́дзіцца(to occupy a place) | bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, znaxódzicca | |
| Bengali | হওয়া(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | hoōẇa | |
| Bourguignon | étre(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Bouyei | ius(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Breton | bezañ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bezañ(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Bulgarian | съм(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), съм(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), съм(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), съм(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), съм(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), съм(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), съм(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), съм(to occupy a place), съм(to occur, take place), съм(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm | |
| Burmese | နေ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ဖြစ်(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ရှိ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ဟုတ်(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | ne, hprac, hri., hut | |
| Buryat | байха(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), байха(to occupy a place), оршохо(to occupy a place) | bajxa, bajxa, oršoxo | |
| Campidanese Sardinian | èsseri(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Carpathian Rusyn | бу́ти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), буц(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), бы́ти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), быти(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), быти(to occupy a place), быти(to occur, take place) | búty, buc, bŷ́ty, bŷty, bŷty, bŷty | |
| Catalan | anar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), estar(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), estar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), estar(to occupy a place), estar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), existir(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), fer(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), fer(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), fer(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), haver-hi(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), haver-hi(to occur, take place), passar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), ser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ser(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), ser(to occupy a place), ser(to occur, take place), ser-hi(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), tenir(used to state the age of a subject in years), tindre(used to state the age of a subject in years), venir(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), ésser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ésser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ésser(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ésser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ésser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ésser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ésser(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), ésser(to occupy a place), ésser(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Cebuano | nangin(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Central Atlas Tamazight | ⵉⵍⵉ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective) | ili | |
| Chechen | хила(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), хила(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | xila, xila | |
| Chinese | зэ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), зэ(to occupy a place), сы(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ю(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | ze, ze, sɨ, i͡u, zh-min-nan | |
| Chinese Cantonese | 係 /系(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | hai⁶, si⁴ | |
| Chinese Mandarin | or implied(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 來 /来(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), 在(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 在(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 在(to occupy a place), 在(to occur, take place), 在(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), 存在(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 是(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), 是(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), 是(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), 是(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 是(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), 有(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 有(to occur, take place), 有(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), 正在(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 歲 /岁(used to state the age of a subject in years), 着(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses) | lái, zài, zài, zài, zài, cúnzài, shì, shì, shì, shì, shì, shì, yǒu, yǒu, yǒu, zhèngzài, suì, zhe | |
| Church Slavic | бꙑти(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), бꙑти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), бꙑти(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), бꙑти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), бꙑти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), бꙑти(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), бꙑти(to occupy a place) | byti, byti, byti, byti, byti, byti, byti | |
| Chuukese | mi(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective) | — | |
| Classical Mongolian | ᠠᠬᠤ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | aqu | |
| Classical Nahuatl | cah(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Cornish | bos(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bos(to occupy a place), bôs(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Czech | být(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), být(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), být(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), být(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), být(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), být(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), být(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), být(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), být(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), být(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), být(to occupy a place), být(to occur, take place), být(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), mít(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence) | — | |
| Dalmatian | saite(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Danish | blive(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), finde sted(to occur, take place), ske(to occur, take place), ville(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), være(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), være(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), være(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), være(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), være(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), være(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), være(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), være(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), være(to occupy a place), være(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), være her(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), være lig med(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), være til(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Dari | بُودَن(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), بُودَن(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), بُودَن(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), بُودَن(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), بُودَن(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), بُودَن(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), بُودَن(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), بُودَن(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), بُودَن(to occupy a place), بُودَن(to occur, take place), بُودَن(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), هَسْت(to occupy a place) | būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, hast | |
| Dutch | bestaan(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), liggen(to occupy a place), plaatsvinden(to occur, take place), staan(to occupy a place), wezen(to occupy a place), worden(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), zich bevinden(to occupy a place), zijn(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), zijn(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), zijn(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), zijn(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), zijn(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), zijn(used to state the age of a subject in years), zijn(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), zijn(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), zijn(to occupy a place), zijn(to occur, take place), zijn(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), zitten(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Eastern Min Chinese | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | sê | |
| Egyptian | wn:n:n(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | wnn | |
| Elfdalian | wårå(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Emilian | avêreg(used to state the age of a subject in years), êser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), êser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), êser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), êser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), êser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), êser(to occupy a place), êser(to occur, take place), êsreg(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Erzya | улемс(to occupy a place) | ulems | |
| Esperanto | egali(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ekzisti(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), esti(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), esti(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), esti(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), esti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), esti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), esti(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), esti(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), esti(to occupy a place), iri(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), iri(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), iĝi(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), okazi(to occur, take place), veni(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Estonian | olema(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), olema(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), olema(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), olema(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), olema(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), olema(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), olema(to occupy a place), olema(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Even | би(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | ʙi- | |
| Evenki | би(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), би(to occupy a place) | bi-, bi | |
| Extremaduran | sel(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Faroese | finnast(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vera(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), vera(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vera(to occupy a place), vera(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Finnish | olla(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), olla(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), olla(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), olla(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), olla(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), olla(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), olla(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), olla(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), olla(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), olla(to occupy a place), olla(to occur, take place), olla(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), olla ...-vuotias(used to state the age of a subject in years), olla olemassa(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), olla yhtä suuri kuin(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), tulla(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence) | — | |
| Franc-Comtois | étre(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Franco-Provençal | estar(to occupy a place), étar(to occupy a place), étre(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), étre(to occupy a place), étre(to occur, take place) | — | |
| French | aller(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), avoir(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), avoir(used to state the age of a subject in years), faire(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), faire(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), venir(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), être(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), être(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), être(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), être(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), être(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), être(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), être(to occupy a place), être(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Friulian | jessi(to occupy a place), sei(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Galician | estar(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), estar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), estar(to occupy a place), medir(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), ser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Gan Chinese | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | si⁵ | |
| Georgian | არის(to occupy a place), არსებობა(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), არსებობს(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), მოხდენა(to occur, take place), ყოფნა(to occupy a place), ხდება(to occur, take place) | aris, arseboba, arsebobs, moxdena, q̇opna, xdeba | |
| German | existieren(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), sein(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), sein(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), sein(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), sein(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), sein(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), sein(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), sein(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), sein(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), sein(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), sein(used to state the age of a subject in years), sein(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), sein(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), sein(to occupy a place), sein(to occur, take place), sein(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), sich befinden(to occupy a place), sii(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), stattfinden(to occur, take place), werden(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), werden(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence) | — | |
| Gheg Albanian | a(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | — | |
| Gothic | 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽(to occupy a place) | wisan, wisan, wisan | |
| Greek | έχει(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), ίσον(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), γίνομαι(to occur, take place), είμαι(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), είμαι(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), είμαι(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), είμαι(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), είμαι(to occupy a place), κάνει(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), υπάρχω(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | échei, íson, gínomai, eímai, eímai, eímai, eímai, eímai, kánei, ypárcho | |
| Greenlandic | a(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Haitian Creole | ap(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), se(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), se(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), se(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Hakka Chinese | 係 /系(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | he | |
| Hebrew | הָיָה(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), הָיָה(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), הָיָה(to occupy a place), הָיָה(to occur, take place), הוא(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), היא(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), הם(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), הן(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective) | hayá, hayá, hayá, hayá, hu, hi, hem, hen | |
| Hiligaynon | kamao(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), pagkamao(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Hindi | होना(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), होना(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), होना(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), होना(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), होना(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), होना(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), होना(to occupy a place), होना(to occur, take place), होना(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā | |
| Hungarian | van(to occupy a place), van(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Icelandic | vera(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), vera(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), vera(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), vera(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), vera(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), vera(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), vera(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), vera(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vera(to occupy a place), vera(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Ido | esar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), esar(to occupy a place), evar(used to state the age of a subject in years), existar(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Igbo | nà(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), nà(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses) | — | |
| Indonesian | ada(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), berada(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Ingrian | olla(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), olla(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), olla(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), olla(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), olla(to occupy a place), olla(to occur, take place), olla(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Ingush | хила(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | xila | |
| Iranian Persian | بودَن(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), بودَن(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), بودَن(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), بودَن(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), بودَن(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), بودَن(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), بودَن(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), بودَن(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), بودَن(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), بودَن(to occupy a place), بودَن(to occur, take place), بودَن(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), تَشْریف داشْتَن(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), هَسْت(to occupy a place) | budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, tašrif dâštan, hast | |
| Irish | bí(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), bí(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), bí(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), bí(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bí(to occupy a place), bí(to occur, take place), bí(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), bí cothrom le(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), is(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), is(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), is(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), is(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality) | — | |
| Istriot | ièsi(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Istro-Romanian | fi(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Italian | andare(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), avere(used to state the age of a subject in years), esserci(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), essere(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), essere(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), essere(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), essere(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), essere(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), essere(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), essere(to occupy a place), essere(to occur, take place), essere uguale(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), fare(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), stare(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), venire(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), venire(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Japanese | いらっしゃる(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), いる(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), だ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), だ(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), だ(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), だ(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), だ(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), だろう(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), ている(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), ている(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), である(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), である(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), である(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), である(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), である(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), です(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), です(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), です(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), です(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), です(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), られる(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), れる(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 在る(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 在る(to occupy a place), 存在する(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 居る(to occupy a place), 有る(to occur, take place), 行って来る(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | irassharu, iru, da, da, da, da, da, darō, -te iru, -te iru, dearu, dearu, dearu, dearu, dearu, desu, desu, desu, desu, desu, rareru, reru, aru, aru, sonzai suru, iru, aru, itte kuru | |
| Jarawa | ʈʰi(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ʈʰi(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ʈʰi(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Javanese | ana(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Jeju | 시다(to occupy a place), 싯다(to occupy a place), 아ᇝ(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 아니다(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 어ᇝ(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 엇다(to occupy a place), 읏다(to occupy a place), 이다(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 이시다(to occupy a place), 잇다(to occupy a place) | sida, sitda, -am-, anida, -eom-, eotda, eutda, -ida, isida, itda | |
| Jin Chinese | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | si³ | |
| Kabyle | d(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), d(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ili(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), ili(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ili(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Kashmiri | آسُن(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | āsun | |
| Khamnigan Mongol | байху(to occupy a place) | bajxu | |
| Khmer | កំពុង(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), គឺ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), គឺ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), គឺ(to occur, take place), ជា(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ជា(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ជា(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ជា(to occur, take place), ត្រូវបាន(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), នៅ(to occupy a place), នៅ(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), មាន(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | kɑmpung, kɨɨ, kɨɨ, kɨɨ, ciə, ciə, ciə, ciə, trɨv baan, nɨw, nɨw, miən | |
| Korean | ᆫ다(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), ᆻ다(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 같다(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), 계시다(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 계시다(to occupy a place), 고 있다(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 기다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 는다(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 당하다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 되다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 리다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 받다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 생기다(to occur, take place), 아니다(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 어/아 가다(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), 없다(to occupy a place), 이다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 이다(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 이다(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), 이다(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), 일어나다(to occur, take place), 있다(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 있다(to occupy a place), 존재하다(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), 지다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), 히다(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | -nda, -tda, gatda, gyesida, gyesida, -go itda, gida, -neunda, danghada, doeda, rida, batda, saenggida, anida, -eo/a gada, eopda, ida, ida, ida, ida, ireonada, itda, itda, jonjaehada, jida, hida | |
| Ladin | vester(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vester(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Lao | ຄື(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ບັງເກີດ(to occur, take place), ຢູ່(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ຢູ່(to occupy a place), ເປັນ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ແມ່ນ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | khư̄, bang kœ̄t, yū, yū, pen, mǣn | |
| Latgalian | byut(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Latin | sto(to occupy a place), sum(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), sum(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), sum(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), sum(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), sum(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), sum(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), sum(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), sum(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), sum(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), sum(to occupy a place), sum(to occur, take place), veniō(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Latvian | būt(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), būt(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), būt(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), būt(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), būt(to occupy a place), būt(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Ligurian | êse(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), êse(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), êse(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), êse(to occupy a place), êse(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Lingala | zala(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Literary Chinese | 係(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 唯(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | xì, wéi | |
| Lithuanian | būti(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), būti(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), būti(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), būti(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), būti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), būti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), būti(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), būti(to occupy a place), būti(to occur, take place), būti(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Livonian | vȱlda(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Lombard | vèss(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Louisiana Creole | ap(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), apé(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), dèt(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), çé(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Low German | bestahn(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bören(to occur, take place), existeren(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), gebören(to occur, take place), geven(to occur, take place), liggen(to occupy a place), schehn(to occur, take place), sien(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), sien(to occupy a place), sien(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), sien (sin, syn)(to occupy a place), sin(to occupy a place), sitten(to occupy a place), stahn(to occupy a place), stattfinnen(to occur, take place), wesen(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), wesen(to occupy a place), wesen(to occur, take place), wesen(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Lower Sorbian | byś(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), byś(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), byś(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), byś(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), byś(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), byś(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), byś(to occupy a place), byś(to occur, take place), byś(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Lü | ᦊᦴᧈ(to occupy a place), ᦔᦲᧃ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | ẏuu¹, ṗiin | |
| Lutuv | aw(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Luxembourgish | sinn(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Macedonian | би́де(to occur, take place), е(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), е(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), е(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), е(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), е(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), е(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), е(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), е(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), е(to occupy a place), е(to occur, take place), е(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), е еднакво на(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), по́стои(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), се наоѓа(to occupy a place) | bíde, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e ednakvo na, póstoi, se naoǵa | |
| Malay | ada(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), adalah(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), berada(to occupy a place), ialah(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ialah(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ialah(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), اد(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), اداله(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), اياله(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), اياله(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), اياله(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), براد(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Malayalam | ആകുന്നു(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | ākunnu | |
| Manchu | zero copula(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ᠪᡳ(to occur, take place), ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ(to occupy a place), ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ(to occur, take place), ᠪᡳᡥᡝ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ᡳᠨᡠ ᠪᡳᡥᡝ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | bi, bimbi, bimbi, bimbi, bihe, inu bihe | |
| Manx | bee(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), bee(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), bee(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bee(to occupy a place), bee(to occur, take place), bee(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), she(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Mazanderani | بأبوشهن(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), بأین(to occur, take place), بوئن(to occupy a place), بیهن(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), بیهن(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), دأیهن(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | babošen, bayen, boen, biyen, biyen, dayen | |
| Megleno-Romanian | ire(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Middle English | been(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), been(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), been(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), been(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), been(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), been(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), been(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), been(used to state the age of a subject in years), been(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), been(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), been(to occupy a place), been(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Middle French | estre(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), estre(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Middle Korean | 아니〮다〮(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 없〯다〮(to occupy a place), 이〮라〮(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 잇다〮(to occupy a place) | ànítá, ěpstá, -ílá, ìstá | |
| Mizo | awm(to occupy a place), ni(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ni(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal) | — | |
| Mòcheno | sai'(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Mongolian | байх(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), байх(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), байх(to occupy a place), байх(to occur, take place), бий(to occur, take place), орших(to occupy a place), ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ(to occupy a place), ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ(to occupy a place), ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ(to occur, take place), ᠪᠤᠢ(to occur, take place) | bajx, bajx, bajx, bajx, bii, oršix, orosiqu, bayiqu, bayiqu, bui | |
| Nahuatl | cah(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Nanai | би(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | bi- | |
| Navajo | nilį́(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), nilį́(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), átʼé(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), átʼé(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal) | — | |
| Ngazidja Comorian | uhundriha(to occupy a place), ukaya(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ukaya(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Norman | être(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), être(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), être(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), être(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), être(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), être(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), être(to occupy a place), être(to occur, take place) | — | |
| North Frisian | wees(to occupy a place), wees(to occupy a place), weese(to occupy a place), wiis(to occupy a place), wjizze(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Northern Kurdish | ... salî bûn(used to state the age of a subject in years), bûn(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), bûn(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), bûn(used to state the age of a subject in years), bûn(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bûn(to occupy a place), bûn(to occur, take place), bûn(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), hebûn(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Northern Sami | leat(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Norwegian Bokmål | bli(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ligge(to occupy a place), sitte(to occupy a place), stå(to occupy a place), være(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), være(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), være(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), være(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), være(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), være(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), være(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), være(to occupy a place), være(to occur, take place), være(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), være or være lik(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same) | — | |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | bli(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), liggja(to occupy a place), sitja(to occupy a place), stå(to occupy a place), vera(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), vera(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), vera(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), vera(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), vera(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), vera(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), vera(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), vera(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vera(to occupy a place), vera(to occur, take place), vera(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), vere(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), vere(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), vere(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), vere(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), vere(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), vere(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), vere(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vere(to occupy a place), vere(to occur, take place), vere(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), vere or vera(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), verta(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), verte(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | — | |
| Occitan | estar(to occupy a place), èsser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), èsser(to occupy a place), èsser(to occur, take place), èstre(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Odia | ହେବା(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | hebā | |
| Okinawan | やいびーん(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), やん(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 居ん(to occupy a place), 有ん(to occupy a place) | yaibīn, yan, wun, an | |
| Old Armenian | եմ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), եմ(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | em, em | |
| Old East Slavic | бꙑти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), бꙑти(to occupy a place) | byti, byti | |
| Old English | bēon(to occupy a place), wesan(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), wesan(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), wesan(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old French | ester(to occupy a place), estre(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), estre(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old Frisian | wesa(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old Irish | at·tá(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), at·tá(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), at·tá(to occupy a place), at·tá(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Old Korean | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), 有叱(to occupy a place), 無叱(to occupy a place) | EPUs- | |
| Old Norse | vera(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old Prussian | būtwei(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old Saxon | sīn(to occupy a place), wesan(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Old Turkic | 𐰼(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal) | — | |
| Ossetian | уын(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | wyn | |
| Pannonian Rusyn | буц(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), буц(to occupy a place), буц(to occur, take place) | buc, buc, buc | |
| Papiamentu | ta(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Pela | ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Pennsylvania German | sei(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), sei(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), sei(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), sei(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), sei(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Picard | ète(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Piedmontese | esse(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Pipil | nemi(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), nemi(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Polish | być(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), być(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), być(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), być(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), być(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), być(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), być(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), być(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), być(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), być(to occupy a place), być(to occur, take place), być(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), mieć(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), mieć(used to state the age of a subject in years), równać się(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), to(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), zostać(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | — | |
| Portuguese | dar(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), estar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), estar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), estar(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), estar(to occupy a place), estar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), existir(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), fazer(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), haver(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ser(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(to occur, take place), ter(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), ter(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), ter(used to state the age of a subject in years), ter(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Quechua | kai(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), kai(to occupy a place), kay(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), tiyay(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Rade | jing(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Romagnol | cadér(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Romani | si(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), si(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Romanian | avea(used to state the age of a subject in years), egala(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), exista(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), fi(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), fi(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), fi(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), fi(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), fi(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), fi(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), fi(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), fi(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), fi(to occupy a place), fi(to occur, take place), fi(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Romansch | esser(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Russian | быть(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), быть(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), быть(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), быть(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), быть(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), быть(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), быть(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), быть(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), быть(to occupy a place), быть(to occur, take place), быть(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), находи́ться(to occupy a place), полу́читься(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), прийти́(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), приходи́ть(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), произойти́(to occur, take place), происходи́ть(to occur, take place), равно́(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), равня́ться(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), соста́вить(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), существова́ть(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), э́то(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), явля́ться(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), явля́ться(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal) | bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, naxodítʹsja, polúčitʹsja, prijtí, prixodítʹ, proizojtí, proisxodítʹ, ravnó, ravnjátʹsja, sostávitʹ, suščestvovátʹ, éto, javljátʹsja, javljátʹsja | |
| Sanskrit | अस्ति(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), अस्ति(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), भवति(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | asti, asti, bhavati | |
| Sardinian | essere(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), essere(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), èssere(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Saterland Frisian | weese(to occupy a place), weze(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Scottish Gaelic | bi(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Serbo-Croatian | bȉti(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), bȉti(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), bȉti(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), bȉti(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), bȉti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), bȉti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), bȉti(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bȉti(to occupy a place), bȉti(to occur, take place), bȉti(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), nalaziti se(to occupy a place), postojati(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), би̏ти(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), би̏ти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), би̏ти(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), би̏ти(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), би̏ти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), би̏ти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), би̏ти(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), би̏ти(to occupy a place), би̏ти(to occur, take place), би̏ти(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), налазити се(to occupy a place), постојати(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Sicilian | èssiri(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Skolt Sami | leeʹd(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Slovak | byť(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), byť(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), byť(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), byť(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), byť(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), byť(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), byť(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), byť(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), byť(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), byť(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), byť(to occupy a place), byť(to occur, take place), byť(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), mať(auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence), mať(used to state the age of a subject in years) | — | |
| Slovene | biti(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), biti(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), biti(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), biti(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), biti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), biti(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), biti(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), biti(to occupy a place), biti(to occur, take place), biti(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Slovincian | bëc(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Somali | jirid(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Spanish | andar(auxiliary, dialectal: used to mark habitual aspect), estar(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), estar(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), estar(to occupy a place), estar(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), parar(auxiliary, dialectal: used to mark habitual aspect), radicar(to occupy a place), seer(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), seer(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), ser(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ser(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ser(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ser(used to link a subject to a count or measurement), ser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ser(to occur, take place), tener(used to state the age of a subject in years), vivir(auxiliary, dialectal: used to mark habitual aspect) | — | |
| Swahili | kuwa(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Swedish | bli(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), existera(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), finnas(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), finnas(to occupy a place), finnas till(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ha(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), ligga(to occupy a place), sitta(to occupy a place), ske(to occur, take place), stå(to occupy a place), vara(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), vara(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), vara(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), vara(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), vara(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), vara(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), vara(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), vara(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), vara(to occupy a place), vara(to occur, take place), vara(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), vara lika med(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), vara till(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Tagalog | maging(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Tajik | будан(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | budan | |
| Tamil | அமர்(to occupy a place), ஆ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ஆகு(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), இரு(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), இரு(used to state the age of a subject in years), இரு(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), இரு(to occupy a place), உள்(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), நட(to occur, take place), படு(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), பெறு(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | amar, ā, āku, iru, iru, iru, iru, uḷ, naṭa, paṭu, peṟu | |
| Telugu | అగు(to occur, take place), ఉండు(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | agu, uṇḍu | |
| Tetum | iha(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Thai | กำลัง(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), คือ(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ถูก(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), มา(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), มีอยู่(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), อยู่(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), อยู่(to occupy a place), เกิดขึ้น(to occur, take place), เท่ากับ(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), เป็น(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), เป็น(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), เป็น(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), โดน(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice) | gam-lang, kʉʉ, tùuk, maa, mii-yùu, yùu, yùu, gə̀ət-kʉ̂n, tâo-gàp, bpen, bpen, bpen, doon | |
| Tibetan | ཡིན་འགོད(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), རེད(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | yin 'god, red | |
| Tocharian B | tāk(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Turkish | bulunmak(to occupy a place), imek(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), imek(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), imek(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), olmak(to occupy a place), olmak(to occur, take place), var(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), var olmak(to occur, take place) | — | |
| Tuvan | турар(to occupy a place), чоруур(to occupy a place) | turar, çoruur | |
| Ukrainian | бу́ти(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), бу́ти(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), бу́ти(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), бу́ти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), бу́ти(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), бу́ти(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), бу́ти(to occupy a place), бу́ти(to occur, take place), бу́ти(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), знахо́дитися(to occupy a place) | búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, znaxódytysja | |
| Upper Sorbian | być(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), być(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Urdu | ہونا(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ہونا(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), ہونا(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), ہونا(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), ہونا(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), ہونا(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), ہونا(to occupy a place), ہونا(to occur, take place), ہونا(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā | |
| Uzbek | emoq(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), emoq(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase) | — | |
| Venetan | èser(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), èser(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Vietnamese | bị(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), có(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), có(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), có(to occur, take place), là(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), là(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), là(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), là(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), thì(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), từng(auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs), đang(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), được(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), đến(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar), ở(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Volapük | binön(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | — | |
| Walloon | esse(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), esse(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), esse(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), esse(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), sey(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), sey(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Welsh | bod(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), bod(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses), bod(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), bod(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), bod(used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal), bod(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), bod(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase), bod(used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality), bod(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), bod(to occupy a place), bod(to occur, take place), bod(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| West-Frisian | wurde(auxiliary: used to form the passive voice), wêze(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Western Apache | naiágúóli(to occupy a place) | — | |
| White Hmong | nyob nov(to occupy a place) | — | |
| Wu Chinese | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | — | |
| Xiang Chinese | 是(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent) | shr⁵ | |
| Yakut | баар(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence) | baar | |
| Yiddish | זײַן(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), זײַן(used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same), זײַן(used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective), זײַן(to occupy a place) | zayn, zayn, zayn, zayn | |
| Yoruba | jẹ́(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), ni(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), sí(to occupy a place), wà(to occupy a place), ń(auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses) | — | |
| Zazaki | ben (diq)(used to state the age of a subject in years), biyen(to occur, take place), bı (diq)(to occupy a place), est(intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence), tiya biyen(elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar) | — | |
| Zhuang | dwg(used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent), youq(to occupy a place) | — | |
| ǃXóõ | ǀîi(to occupy a place) | — |
nghuot, nghuot, nyeis
wees
jam, jam, jam, është
γίγνομαι, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί, εἰμί +, εἰμί ἴσος, συμβαίνω, συμβαίνω, ὑπάρχω, ὑπόκειμαι
gígnomai, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí, eimí ísos, sumbaínō, sumbaínō, hupárkhō, hupókeimai
بيبقى, بيتعمل, بيفضل, عمال, كان, كَانَ, كَانَ, كَانَ, كَانَ, كَانَ, كَانَ, كَانَ هُوَ, موجود, هِيَ, يبقى, يبقى, يبقى, يساوى, يعمل
beyebʔā, beyetʕemel, beyefḍal, ʕammāl, kān, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, kāna, mawgūd, hiya, yebʔā, yebʔā, yebʔā, yesāwī, yeʕmel
escu, hiu
ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ, ܗܵܘܹܐ
hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe, hawe
facer, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, tar, tar, tar, tar, tar, tar
imək, imək, var
ada
zala
egon, egon, egon, izan, izan, izan, izan, izan, izan
быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, быць, знахо́дзіцца
bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, bycʹ, znaxódzicca
étre
ius
bezañ, bezañ
съм, съм, съм, съм, съм, съм, съм, съм, съм, съм
sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm, sǎm
èsseri
anar, estar, estar, estar, estar, existir, fer, fer, fer, haver-hi, haver-hi, passar, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser-hi, tenir, tindre, venir, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser, ésser
nangin
or implied, 來 /来, 在, 在, 在, 在, 在, 存在, 是, 是, 是, 是, 是, 是, 有, 有, 有, 正在, 歲 /岁, 着
lái, zài, zài, zài, zài, cúnzài, shì, shì, shì, shì, shì, shì, yǒu, yǒu, yǒu, zhèngzài, suì, zhe
mi
bos, bos, bôs
být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, být, mít
saite
blive, finde sted, ske, ville, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være her, være lig med, være til
بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, بُودَن, هَسْت
būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, būdan, hast
bestaan, liggen, plaatsvinden, staan, wezen, worden, zich bevinden, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zijn, zitten
wårå
avêreg, êser, êser, êser, êser, êser, êser, êser, êsreg
egali, ekzisti, esti, esti, esti, esti, esti, esti, esti, esti, iri, iri, iĝi, okazi, veni
olema, olema, olema, olema, olema, olema, olema, olema
sel
finnast, vera, vera, vera, vera
olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla ...-vuotias, olla olemassa, olla yhtä suuri kuin, tulla
étre
estar, étar, étre, étre, étre
aller, avoir, avoir, faire, faire, venir, être, être, être, être, être, être, être, être
jessi, sei
estar, estar, estar, medir, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser
არის, არსებობა, არსებობს, მოხდენა, ყოფნა, ხდება
aris, arseboba, arsebobs, moxdena, q̇opna, xdeba
existieren, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sein, sich befinden, sii, stattfinden, werden, werden
έχει, ίσον, γίνομαι, είμαι, είμαι, είμαι, είμαι, είμαι, κάνει, υπάρχω
échei, íson, gínomai, eímai, eímai, eímai, eímai, eímai, kánei, ypárcho
ap, se, se, se
kamao, pagkamao
होना, होना, होना, होना, होना, होना, होना, होना, होना
honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā
van, van
vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera
esar, esar, evar, existar
nà, nà
ada, berada
olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla, olla
بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, بودَن, تَشْریف داشْتَن, هَسْت
budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, budan, tašrif dâštan, hast
bí, bí, bí, bí, bí, bí, bí, bí cothrom le, is, is, is, is
ièsi
andare, avere, esserci, essere, essere, essere, essere, essere, essere, essere, essere, essere uguale, fare, stare, venire, venire
いらっしゃる, いる, だ, だ, だ, だ, だ, だろう, ている, ている, である, である, である, である, である, です, です, です, です, です, られる, れる, 在る, 在る, 存在する, 居る, 有る, 行って来る
irassharu, iru, da, da, da, da, da, darō, -te iru, -te iru, dearu, dearu, dearu, dearu, dearu, desu, desu, desu, desu, desu, rareru, reru, aru, aru, sonzai suru, iru, aru, itte kuru
ʈʰi, ʈʰi, ʈʰi
ana
시다, 싯다, 아ᇝ, 아니다, 어ᇝ, 엇다, 읏다, 이다, 이시다, 잇다
sida, sitda, -am-, anida, -eom-, eotda, eutda, -ida, isida, itda
d, d, ili, ili, ili
កំពុង, គឺ, គឺ, គឺ, ជា, ជា, ជា, ជា, ត្រូវបាន, នៅ, នៅ, មាន
kɑmpung, kɨɨ, kɨɨ, kɨɨ, ciə, ciə, ciə, ciə, trɨv baan, nɨw, nɨw, miən
ᆫ다, ᆻ다, 같다, 계시다, 계시다, 고 있다, 기다, 는다, 당하다, 되다, 리다, 받다, 생기다, 아니다, 어/아 가다, 없다, 이다, 이다, 이다, 이다, 일어나다, 있다, 있다, 존재하다, 지다, 히다
-nda, -tda, gatda, gyesida, gyesida, -go itda, gida, -neunda, danghada, doeda, rida, batda, saenggida, anida, -eo/a gada, eopda, ida, ida, ida, ida, ireonada, itda, itda, jonjaehada, jida, hida
vester, vester
byut
sto, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, sum, veniō
būt, būt, būt, būt, būt, būt
êse, êse, êse, êse, êse
zala
būti, būti, būti, būti, būti, būti, būti, būti, būti, būti
vȱlda
vèss
ap, apé, dèt, çé
bestahn, bören, existeren, gebören, geven, liggen, schehn, sien, sien, sien, sien (sin, syn), sin, sitten, stahn, stattfinnen, wesen, wesen, wesen, wesen
byś, byś, byś, byś, byś, byś, byś, byś, byś
aw
sinn
би́де, е, е, е, е, е, е, е, е, е, е, е, е еднакво на, по́стои, се наоѓа
bíde, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e ednakvo na, póstoi, se naoǵa
ada, adalah, berada, ialah, ialah, ialah, اد, اداله, اياله, اياله, اياله, براد
bee, bee, bee, bee, bee, bee, she
been, been, been, been, been, been, been, been, been, been, been, been
estre, estre
awm, ni, ni
sai'
байх, байх, байх, байх, бий, орших, ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ, ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ, ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ, ᠪᠤᠢ
bajx, bajx, bajx, bajx, bii, oršix, orosiqu, bayiqu, bayiqu, bui
cah
nilį́, nilį́, átʼé, átʼé
uhundriha, ukaya, ukaya
être, être, être, être, être, être, être, être
wees, wees, weese, wiis, wjizze
... salî bûn, bûn, bûn, bûn, bûn, bûn, bûn, bûn, hebûn
leat
bli, ligge, sitte, stå, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være, være or være lik
bli, liggja, sitja, stå, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vera, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere, vere or vera, verta, verte
estar, èsser, èsser, èsser, èstre
bēon, wesan, wesan, wesan
ester, estre, estre
wesa
at·tá, at·tá, at·tá, at·tá
vera
būtwei
sīn, wesan
ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵
sei, sei, sei, sei, sei
ète
esse
nemi, nemi
być, być, być, być, być, być, być, być, być, być, być, być, mieć, mieć, równać się, to, zostać
dar, estar, estar, estar, estar, estar, existir, fazer, haver, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ter, ter, ter, ter
kai, kai, kay, tiyay
jing
cadér
si, si
avea, egala, exista, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi, fi
esser
быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, быть, находи́ться, полу́читься, прийти́, приходи́ть, произойти́, происходи́ть, равно́, равня́ться, соста́вить, существова́ть, э́то, явля́ться, явля́ться
bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, bytʹ, naxodítʹsja, polúčitʹsja, prijtí, prixodítʹ, proizojtí, proisxodítʹ, ravnó, ravnjátʹsja, sostávitʹ, suščestvovátʹ, éto, javljátʹsja, javljátʹsja
essere, essere, èssere
weese, weze
bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, bȉti, nalaziti se, postojati, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, би̏ти, налазити се, постојати
èssiri
leeʹd
byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, byť, mať, mať
biti, biti, biti, biti, biti, biti, biti, biti, biti, biti
bëc
jirid
andar, estar, estar, estar, estar, parar, radicar, seer, seer, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, ser, tener, vivir
kuwa
bli, existera, finnas, finnas, finnas till, ha, ligga, sitta, ske, stå, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara, vara lika med, vara till
maging
அமர், ஆ, ஆகு, இரு, இரு, இரு, இரு, உள், நட, படு, பெறு
amar, ā, āku, iru, iru, iru, iru, uḷ, naṭa, paṭu, peṟu
iha
กำลัง, คือ, ถูก, มา, มีอยู่, อยู่, อยู่, เกิดขึ้น, เท่ากับ, เป็น, เป็น, เป็น, โดน
gam-lang, kʉʉ, tùuk, maa, mii-yùu, yùu, yùu, gə̀ət-kʉ̂n, tâo-gàp, bpen, bpen, bpen, doon
tāk
bulunmak, imek, imek, imek, olmak, olmak, var, var olmak
бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, бу́ти, знахо́дитися
búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, búty, znaxódytysja
być, być
ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا, ہونا
honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā, honā
emoq, emoq
èser, èser
bị, có, có, có, là, là, là, là, thì, từng, đang, được, đến, ở
binön
esse, esse, esse, esse, sey, sey
bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod, bod
wurde, wêze
naiágúóli
nyob nov
jẹ́, ni, sí, wà, ń
ben (diq), biyen, bı (diq), est, tiya biyen
dwg, youq
ǀîi
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Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.