Damn
//dæm//
Translations of "damn" (60 languages)
| Language | Translation | Romanization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | mallkoj(use of damn as a swear word) | — | |
| Arabic | اللَّعْنَة(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), عَمَى(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), وَجَع(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), لَعَنَ(theology: to condemn), لَعَنَ(to put a curse upon) | al-laʕna, ʕama, wajaʕ, laʕana, laʕana | |
| Armenian | անիծել(theology: to condemn) | anicel | |
| Azerbaijani | lənətləmək(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Basque | madarikatu(theology: to condemn), madarikatu(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Belarusian | пракля́ты(generic intensifier), пра́клён(use of damn as a swear word), кля́сці(theology: to condemn), пракля́сці(theology: to condemn), пракліна́ць(theology: to condemn) | prakljáty, prákljon, kljásci, prakljásci, praklinácʹ | |
| Bulgarian | проклет(generic intensifier), ужасно(awfully, extremely), по дяволите(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), проклятие(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), проклятие(use of damn as a swear word), кълна́(theology: to condemn), кълна́(to put a curse upon), осъ́ждам(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), порица́вам(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), прокли́нам(theology: to condemn), прокли́нам(to put a curse upon), прокълна́(theology: to condemn), прокълна́(to put a curse upon) | proklet, užasno, po djavolite, prokljatie, prokljatie, kǎlná, kǎlná, osǎ́ždam, poricávam, proklínam, proklínam, prokǎlná, prokǎlná | |
| Catalan | maleït(generic intensifier), malaïdament(awfully, extremely), cagondena(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), collons(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), hòstia(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), ostres(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maleir(theology: to condemn), maleir(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Chinese Cantonese | 死(generic intensifier), 鬼(generic intensifier), 弊(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), 死(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), 頂 /顶(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | sei², gwai², bai⁶, sei², ding² | |
| Chinese Mandarin | 該死的 /该死的(generic intensifier), 你妹(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), 糟糕(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), 該死 /该死(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), 咳(use of damn as a swear word), 哎呀(use of damn as a swear word), 糟糕(use of damn as a swear word), 該死 /该死(use of damn as a swear word), 咒(theology: to condemn), 詛咒 /诅咒(theology: to condemn) | gāisǐ de, nǐmèi, zāogāo, gāisǐ, hāi, āiyā, zāogāo, gāisǐ, zhòu, zǔzhòu | |
| Czech | proklatý(generic intensifier), zatracený(generic intensifier), hergot(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), k čertu(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), sakra(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), sakra(use of damn as a swear word), zatratit(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Danish | forbandet(awfully, extremely), hulens(awfully, extremely), pokkers(awfully, extremely), hulens(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), pokkers(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), sørens(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), forbande(theology: to condemn), fordømme(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Dutch | verdomd(generic intensifier), verdraaid(generic intensifier), vervloekt(generic intensifier), verdomd(awfully, extremely), verdraaid(awfully, extremely), verschrikkelijk(awfully, extremely), vreselijk(awfully, extremely), verdomme(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), verdomme(use of damn as a swear word), verdoemen(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Esperanto | damninda(generic intensifier), damne(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), damni(theology: to condemn), damni(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal) | — | |
| Estonian | needma(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Finnish | kirottu(generic intensifier), pahuksen(generic intensifier), saamarin(generic intensifier), samperin(generic intensifier), jumalattoman(awfully, extremely), pahuksen(awfully, extremely), saamarin(awfully, extremely), samperin(awfully, extremely), hitto(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), pahus(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), saamari(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), samperi(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), hitto(use of damn as a swear word), kirota(to put a curse upon), tuomita(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), tuomita(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), tuomita (kadotukseen)(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| French | foutu(generic intensifier), putain(generic intensifier), putain(awfully, extremely), mince(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), purée(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), zut(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), merde(use of damn as a swear word), putain(use of damn as a swear word), condamner(theology: to condemn), damner(theology: to condemn), damner(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), réprouver(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal) | — | |
| Galician | arre demo(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), mal raxo(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maldita sexa(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), comiño(the smallest amount of concern or consideration), pito(the smallest amount of concern or consideration) | — | |
| Georgian | ჯანდაბა(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | ǯandaba | |
| German | verdammt(generic intensifier), verflixt(generic intensifier), verflucht(generic intensifier), schrecklich(awfully, extremely), verdammt(awfully, extremely), verflucht(awfully, extremely), Mist(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), verdammt(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), Fliegenschiss(a small, negligible quantity, being of little value), Fluch(use of damn as a swear word), Furz(a small, negligible quantity, being of little value), Geringste(the smallest amount of concern or consideration), Mindeste(the smallest amount of concern or consideration), Verwünschung(use of damn as a swear word), verdammen(theology: to condemn), verfluchen(theology: to condemn), verfluchen(to put a curse upon), verschreien(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), verteufeln(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), verwünschen(to put a curse upon), ächten(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively) | — | |
| Hindi | कोसना(use of damn as a swear word), अभिशाप देना(theology: to condemn) | kosnā, abhiśāp denā | |
| Hungarian | nyavalyás(generic intensifier), rohadt(generic intensifier), átkozott(generic intensifier), piszkosul(awfully, extremely), rohadtul(awfully, extremely), átkozottul(awfully, extremely), a fene egye meg(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), a fenébe(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), a francba(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), bélyegez(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), elátkoz(to put a curse upon), elítél(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), kárhozatba küld(theology: to condemn), kárhozatra ítél(theology: to condemn), kárhoztat(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), megbélyegez(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), megátkoz(to put a curse upon), pokolra ítél(theology: to condemn), átkoz(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Icelandic | andskotans(generic intensifier), djöfulsins(generic intensifier), fjandans(generic intensifier), helvítis(generic intensifier), andskoti(awfully, extremely), djöfulli(awfully, extremely), fjandi(awfully, extremely), helvíti(awfully, extremely), andskotinn(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), djöfullinn(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), fjandinn(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), helvítis(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), fordæma(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Ido | damnar(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Indonesian | bedebah(generic intensifier), berengsek(generic intensifier), keparat(generic intensifier), sialan(generic intensifier), brengsek(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), jancuk(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), kampret(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), sialan(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | — | |
| Irish | diabhlaí(generic intensifier), damnaigh(theology: to condemn), feann(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal) | — | |
| Italian | cazzo(generic intensifier), fottuto(generic intensifier), maledetto(generic intensifier), dannatamente(awfully, extremely), fottutamente(awfully, extremely), maledettamente(awfully, extremely), accidenti(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), cavolo(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), cribbio(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), dannazione(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), mannaggia(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), accidente(a small, negligible quantity, being of little value), maledizione(use of damn as a swear word), tubo(the smallest amount of concern or consideration), bollare(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), condannare(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), dannare(theology: to condemn), maledire(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Japanese | 糞(generic intensifier), 糞(awfully, extremely), 呪う(theology: to condemn), 地獄に落とす(theology: to condemn) | kuso, kuso, norou, jigoku ni otosu | |
| Khmer | ឈឺក្បាលវិលមុខ(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | cʰɨɨ kbaal vɨl muk | |
| Korean | 망할(generic intensifier), 저주하다(theology: to condemn) | manghal, jeojuhada | |
| Lithuanian | prakeikta(generic intensifier), prakeiktas(generic intensifier), velnias(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), prakeikimas(use of damn as a swear word), prakeikti(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Macedonian | про́клет(generic intensifier), про́клето(awfully, extremely), по ѓаво́лите(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), про́клетство(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), да ти е́бам!(use of damn as a swear word), про́клетство!(use of damn as a swear word), о́суди(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), осу́дува(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), про́колне(theology: to condemn), про́колне(to put a curse upon), проко́лнува(theology: to condemn), проко́лнува(to put a curse upon) | próklet, prókleto, po ǵavólite, prókletstvo, da ti ébam!, prókletstvo!, ósudi, osúduva, prókolne, prókolne, prokólnuva, prokólnuva | |
| Malay | hampas(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | — | |
| Manchu | ᠸᠠᠪᡠᡵᡠ(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | waburu | |
| Māori | aeha(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), āhahā(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | — | |
| Mongolian | пизда!(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | pizda! | |
| Norwegian | jævla(generic intensifier) | — | |
| Norwegian Bokmål | forbanna(generic intensifier), forbannet(generic intensifier), forbanne(theology: to condemn), fordømme(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | forbanna(generic intensifier), forbanne(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Old Irish | damnaid(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Persian | لعنتی(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), لعنت کردن(theology: to condemn), نفرین کردن(theology: to condemn) | la'nati, la'nat kardan, nefrin kardan | |
| Polish | cholerny(generic intensifier), przeklęty(generic intensifier), cholernie(awfully, extremely), cholera!(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), do diabła!(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), do licha(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), do pioruna(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), holender(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), kurde(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), kurna chata(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), psiakrew!(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), psiamać(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), przeklinać(theology: to condemn), przekląć(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Portuguese | maldito(generic intensifier), merda de(generic intensifier), porra de(generic intensifier), pra caralho(awfully, extremely), arre!(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), chiça(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), droga(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), lasqueira(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maldição(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), meleca(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), pindarolas(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), porcaria(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), poça(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), (a ponta de um) corno(the smallest amount of concern or consideration), maldição(use of damn as a swear word), porcaria(use of damn as a swear word), raios(use of damn as a swear word), amaldiçoar(theology: to condemn), amaldiçoar(to put a curse upon), condenar(theology: to condemn), danar(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Romanian | blestemat de(generic intensifier), dracului(generic intensifier), naibii(generic intensifier), al dracu' de(awfully, extremely), al dracului de(awfully, extremely), al naiba de(awfully, extremely), al naibii de(awfully, extremely), drace(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), mamă(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), la naiba!(use of damn as a swear word), acuza(theology: to condemn), condamna(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Russian | про́клятый(generic intensifier), прокля́тый(generic intensifier), черто́вский(generic intensifier), чёртов(generic intensifier), черто́вски(awfully, extremely), блин(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), прокля́тие(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), чёрт побери́(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), прокля́тие(use of damn as a swear word), чёрт возьми́(use of damn as a swear word), чёрт побери́(use of damn as a swear word), клясть(theology: to condemn), клясть(to put a curse upon), осуди́ть(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), осужда́ть(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), порица́ть(to put out of favor; to ruin; to label negatively), проклина́ть(theology: to condemn), проклина́ть(to put a curse upon), прокля́сть(theology: to condemn), прокля́сть(to put a curse upon) | prókljatyj, prokljátyj, čertóvskij, čórtov, čertóvski, blin, prokljátije, čort poberí, prokljátije, čort vozʹmí, čort poberí, kljastʹ, kljastʹ, osudítʹ, osuždátʹ, poricátʹ, proklinátʹ, proklinátʹ, prokljástʹ, prokljástʹ | |
| Serbo-Croatian | proklet(generic intensifier), проклет(generic intensifier), jako(awfully, extremely), prokleto(awfully, extremely), проклето(awfully, extremely), јако(awfully, extremely), kvragu(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), klȇtī(theology: to condemn), pròklēti(theology: to condemn), ùklēti(theology: to condemn), кле̑тӣ(theology: to condemn), про̀кле̄ти(theology: to condemn), у̀кле̄ти(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Sicilian | avaja(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), i riàntini(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), mannaja(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), marvaja(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.) | — | |
| Slovak | prekliaty(generic intensifier), prekliať(theology: to condemn), preklínať(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Slovene | preklet(generic intensifier), preklinjati(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Spanish | maldito(generic intensifier), puto(generic intensifier), malditamente(awfully, extremely), caramba(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), chale(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), changos(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), demonche(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), demonio(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), demonios(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), demontre(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), demontres(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), diablo(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), diablos(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), diantre(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), diantres(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), joder(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maldición(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maldita sea(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), mierda(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), rayos(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), maldito(use of damn as a swear word), anatematizar(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), condenar(theology: to condemn), condenar(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal), execrar(to put a curse upon), imprecar(to put a curse upon), maldecir(theology: to condemn), maldecir(to put a curse upon), reprobar(to condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral, or illegal) | — | |
| Swedish | förbannad(generic intensifier), fördömd(generic intensifier), jävla(generic intensifier), sabla(generic intensifier), djävligt(awfully, extremely), förbannat(awfully, extremely), fan(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), dugg(a small, negligible quantity, being of little value), jota(a small, negligible quantity, being of little value), förbanna(theology: to condemn), förbanna(to put a curse upon), fördöma(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Tajik | лаънат кардан(theology: to condemn), нафрин кардан(theology: to condemn) | la'nat kardan, nafrin kardan | |
| Tamil | அடடா(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), சபி(theology: to condemn), சபி(to put a curse upon) | aṭaṭā, capi, capi | |
| Thai | ห่าเอ้ย(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), สาป(theology: to condemn), แช่ง(theology: to condemn) | sàap, chɛ̂ng | |
| Turkish | kahrolasıca(generic intensifier), lanet olsun(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), lanetlemek(theology: to condemn), lanetlemek(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Ukrainian | про́клятий(generic intensifier), кля́сти(theology: to condemn), проклина́ти(theology: to condemn), прокля́сти(theology: to condemn) | prókljatyj, kljásty, proklynáty, prokljásty | |
| Urdu | لعنت بھیجنا(theology: to condemn) | la'nat bhejnā | |
| Uzbek | laʼnatlamoq(theology: to condemn) | — | |
| Vietnamese | vãi(generic intensifier), vãi(awfully, extremely), á đù(non-vulgar expression of contempt etc.), chửi rủa(theology: to condemn), nguyền(to put a curse upon), nguyền rủa(theology: to condemn), nguyền rủa(to put a curse upon) | — | |
| Walloon | dåner(theology: to condemn) | — |
mallkoj
lənətləmək
madarikatu, madarikatu
пракля́ты, пра́клён, кля́сці, пракля́сці, пракліна́ць
prakljáty, prákljon, kljásci, prakljásci, praklinácʹ
проклет, ужасно, по дяволите, проклятие, проклятие, кълна́, кълна́, осъ́ждам, порица́вам, прокли́нам, прокли́нам, прокълна́, прокълна́
proklet, užasno, po djavolite, prokljatie, prokljatie, kǎlná, kǎlná, osǎ́ždam, poricávam, proklínam, proklínam, prokǎlná, prokǎlná
maleït, malaïdament, cagondena, collons, hòstia, ostres, maleir, maleir
該死的 /该死的, 你妹, 糟糕, 該死 /该死, 咳, 哎呀, 糟糕, 該死 /该死, 咒, 詛咒 /诅咒
gāisǐ de, nǐmèi, zāogāo, gāisǐ, hāi, āiyā, zāogāo, gāisǐ, zhòu, zǔzhòu
proklatý, zatracený, hergot, k čertu, sakra, sakra, zatratit
forbandet, hulens, pokkers, hulens, pokkers, sørens, forbande, fordømme
verdomd, verdraaid, vervloekt, verdomd, verdraaid, verschrikkelijk, vreselijk, verdomme, verdomme, verdoemen
damninda, damne, damni, damni
needma
kirottu, pahuksen, saamarin, samperin, jumalattoman, pahuksen, saamarin, samperin, hitto, pahus, saamari, samperi, hitto, kirota, tuomita, tuomita, tuomita (kadotukseen)
foutu, putain, putain, mince, purée, zut, merde, putain, condamner, damner, damner, réprouver
arre demo, mal raxo, maldita sexa, comiño, pito
verdammt, verflixt, verflucht, schrecklich, verdammt, verflucht, Mist, verdammt, Fliegenschiss, Fluch, Furz, Geringste, Mindeste, Verwünschung, verdammen, verfluchen, verfluchen, verschreien, verteufeln, verwünschen, ächten
nyavalyás, rohadt, átkozott, piszkosul, rohadtul, átkozottul, a fene egye meg, a fenébe, a francba, bélyegez, elátkoz, elítél, kárhozatba küld, kárhozatra ítél, kárhoztat, megbélyegez, megátkoz, pokolra ítél, átkoz
andskotans, djöfulsins, fjandans, helvítis, andskoti, djöfulli, fjandi, helvíti, andskotinn, djöfullinn, fjandinn, helvítis, fordæma
damnar
bedebah, berengsek, keparat, sialan, brengsek, jancuk, kampret, sialan
diabhlaí, damnaigh, feann
cazzo, fottuto, maledetto, dannatamente, fottutamente, maledettamente, accidenti, cavolo, cribbio, dannazione, mannaggia, accidente, maledizione, tubo, bollare, condannare, dannare, maledire
prakeikta, prakeiktas, velnias, prakeikimas, prakeikti
про́клет, про́клето, по ѓаво́лите, про́клетство, да ти е́бам!, про́клетство!, о́суди, осу́дува, про́колне, про́колне, проко́лнува, проко́лнува
próklet, prókleto, po ǵavólite, prókletstvo, da ti ébam!, prókletstvo!, ósudi, osúduva, prókolne, prókolne, prokólnuva, prokólnuva
hampas
aeha, āhahā
jævla
forbanna, forbannet, forbanne, fordømme
forbanna, forbanne
damnaid
cholerny, przeklęty, cholernie, cholera!, do diabła!, do licha, do pioruna, holender, kurde, kurna chata, psiakrew!, psiamać, przeklinać, przekląć
maldito, merda de, porra de, pra caralho, arre!, chiça, droga, lasqueira, maldição, meleca, pindarolas, porcaria, poça, (a ponta de um) corno, maldição, porcaria, raios, amaldiçoar, amaldiçoar, condenar, danar
blestemat de, dracului, naibii, al dracu' de, al dracului de, al naiba de, al naibii de, drace, mamă, la naiba!, acuza, condamna
про́клятый, прокля́тый, черто́вский, чёртов, черто́вски, блин, прокля́тие, чёрт побери́, прокля́тие, чёрт возьми́, чёрт побери́, клясть, клясть, осуди́ть, осужда́ть, порица́ть, проклина́ть, проклина́ть, прокля́сть, прокля́сть
prókljatyj, prokljátyj, čertóvskij, čórtov, čertóvski, blin, prokljátije, čort poberí, prokljátije, čort vozʹmí, čort poberí, kljastʹ, kljastʹ, osudítʹ, osuždátʹ, poricátʹ, proklinátʹ, proklinátʹ, prokljástʹ, prokljástʹ
proklet, проклет, jako, prokleto, проклето, јако, kvragu, klȇtī, pròklēti, ùklēti, кле̑тӣ, про̀кле̄ти, у̀кле̄ти
avaja, i riàntini, mannaja, marvaja
prekliaty, prekliať, preklínať
preklet, preklinjati
maldito, puto, malditamente, caramba, chale, changos, demonche, demonio, demonios, demontre, demontres, diablo, diablos, diantre, diantres, joder, maldición, maldita sea, mierda, rayos, maldito, anatematizar, condenar, condenar, execrar, imprecar, maldecir, maldecir, reprobar
förbannad, fördömd, jävla, sabla, djävligt, förbannat, fan, dugg, jota, förbanna, förbanna, fördöma
kahrolasıca, lanet olsun, lanetlemek, lanetlemek
laʼnatlamoq
vãi, vãi, á đù, chửi rủa, nguyền, nguyền rủa, nguyền rủa
dåner
More for "damn"
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Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.