Spine

"Spine" in Polish

determinacja

(courage or assertiveness)

grzbiet

(bound edge of a book)

kolec

(rigid, pointed surface protuberance or needle-like structure)

kręgosłup

(backbone)

zdecydowanie

(courage or assertiveness)

Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.