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Rough

//ɹʌf// adj, adv, name, noun, verb, slang

Definitions

Adjective

1
Not smooth; uneven.
"rough hands"
2
Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
"a rough copy"
3
Turbulent.
"rough sea"
4
Difficult; trying.
"Being a teenager nowadays can be rough."
5
Crude; unrefined.
"His manners are a bit rough, but he means well."

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6
Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
7
Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
"the rough bit of town"
8
Violent; not careful or subtle.
"rough words"
9
Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
"a rough tone"
10
Not polished; uncut.
"a rough diamond"
11
Harsh-tasting.
"rough wine"
12
Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition. Ireland, UK, colloquial, slang
13
Unwell due to alcohol; hungover. Ireland, UK, colloquial, slang
14
Of or relating to the rough breathing in the Greek language.

Adjective

1
ready and able to resort to force or violence wordnet
2
unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound wordnet
3
violently agitated and turbulent wordnet
4
not shaped by cutting or trimming wordnet
5
full of hardship or trials wordnet

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6
not quite exact or correct wordnet
7
unkind or cruel or uncivil wordnet
8
unpleasantly stern wordnet
9
not perfected wordnet
10
(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse wordnet
11
not carefully or expertly made wordnet
12
having or caused by an irregular surface wordnet
13
causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements wordnet
14
of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped wordnet

Adverb

1
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
"I will warrant they prove such roaring boys as I knew when I served under Lumford and Goring, [...] —sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. Ah! those merry days are gone."

Adverb

1
with rough motion as over a rough surface wordnet
2
with roughness or violence (‘rough’ is an informal variant for ‘roughly’) wordnet

Proper Noun

1
A surname.

Noun

1
The unmowed part of a golf course.
2
the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short wordnet
3
A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
"In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. "Dreadful catastrophe!" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. "Fighting at Weybridge!""
4
A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
5
The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.

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6
A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
7
Boisterous weather. obsolete
"In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances."
8
A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Verb

1
To create in an approximate form.
"Rough in the shape first, then polish the details."
2
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form wordnet
3
To break the rules by being excessively violent. intransitive
"[…] roughing is not a part of the sport, and will not be tolerated. Referees will not permit unfair practices that may cause injury to a contestant, and are held strictly responsible for enforcing these rules."
4
To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
5
To render rough; to roughen.

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6
To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
"To Rough Horses, a word in familiar use among the dragoons to signify the act of breaking in horses, so as to adapt them to military purposes."
7
To endure primitive conditions.
"to rough it"
8
To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping. transitive

Etymology

Etymology 1

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

Etymology 5

English and Scottish surname, variant of Ruff, itself of several origins: * From the adjective rough * Variant of Roof, Roff, Rolfe * Scots pronunciation of Rock * German variant of Ruf, itself shortened from Rudolf.

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