Ch'ing

The p’u-fu, a three-quarter-length coat worn by men and women over their ch’ao-fu and chi-fu, became an important adjunct of Ch’ing dynasty dress because it proclaimed the wearer's exact rank at a glance, being made of plain purplish-black silk on which his insigne was emblazoned in bright colours and gold.

Source: wiktionary

In China in the Ch’ing dynasty local government was organized on the same principle at all levels. All administrative units, from the province down to the chou (department) and the hsien (district), which are the focus of our study, were designed and created by the central government which financed their budgets, appointed their officials, and directed and supervised their activities.

Source: wiktionary

It is striking that the Ch'ing government should consider it necessary to place restriction on the performance of drama and to supervise it so closely. One explanation might be that some officials considered theatrical performances during religious celebrations irreverent. But this does not appear to explain the government's reserve adequately, and we should look more carefully at the restrictions and the reasons for them.

Source: wiktionary

Even in easternmost Kham, adjacent to China proper, Ch’ing control was not easily maintained, especially in Chin-ch’uan (rGyal-rong), where the native Bon religion was stronger than in most parts of Tibet, and where the people spoke a Tibetan language that differed substantially from the dialects of Tibet proper.

Source: wiktionary