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Stronger alternatives Opposite tone Use in context Cross-language nuance

Usage Contextformalacademic

Note: Often unnecessary in casual writing.

Editorial Guides For "whom"

Who vs Whom: Keep It Correct Without Overthinking

A practical test for choosing who or whom in modern writing.

Whom

//huːm//

Translations of "whom" (37 languages)

Language	Translation	Romanization
Afrikaans	wie(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Arabic	مَنْ(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), مَنْ(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	man, man
Armenian	ում(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), ում(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	um, um
Asturian	quienes(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quién(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Bulgarian	кого(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кому(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	kogo, komu
Catalan	qui(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quins(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Czech	koho(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), komu(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kterého(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), kterému(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Danish	hvem(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), hvem(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Esperanto	kiu(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kiuj(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kiujn(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kiun(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Finnish	keiltä(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), keltä(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), keneltä(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kenen(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kenet(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), ketkä(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
French	que(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), qui(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
German	wem(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), wen(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Haitian Creole	kimoun(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), kimoun(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Hindi	किस(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	kis
Hungarian	kicsodát(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), kit(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Ido	quan(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Italian	chi(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), chi(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Latin	cui(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), quam(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quem(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Latvian	kam(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Macedonian	кого(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кому(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	kogo, komu
Mari	кӧм(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	köm
Middle English	whom(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), whom(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Ngazidja Comorian	nɗo(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), nɗopvi(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Norwegian Bokmål	hvem(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), hvem(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Norwegian Nynorsk	kven(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), kven(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Occitan	a qui(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), que(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), qui(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Polish	kogo(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), komu(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Portuguese	(for nonhumans) o quê(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), (for nonhumans) o quê(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), o que(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), o que(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), quem(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quem(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Russian	кем(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кем(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), кого́(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кого́(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), ком(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), ком(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), кому́(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кому́(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	kem, kem, kovó, kovó, kom, kom, komú, komú
Spanish	cuyo(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), quién(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quién(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), quiénes(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), quiénes(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Swedish	vem(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), vem(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), vilka(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), vilka(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	—
Tagalog	kanino(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Tamil	எவன்(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), எவர்(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), எவள்(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), யார்(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	evaṉ, evar, evaḷ, yār
Turkish	kimi(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Ukrainian	ким(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), кого́(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кого́(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), кому́(what person; object of a verb (accusative)), кому́(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative))	kym, kohó, kohó, komú, komú
Volapük	kime(what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)), kimi(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—
Welsh	pwy(what person; object of a verb (accusative))	—