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Words and Phrases to Avoid in Formal Writing

Identify and replace informal language, filler words, vague phrasing, and cliches that weaken formal essays, reports, and professional documents.

By WordToolSet Editorial · ·

Why word choice defines your register

Formal writing is not about using the longest words you can find. It is about choosing precise, neutral language that keeps the focus on your argument rather than your personality. Informal words and phrases are not wrong in casual contexts, but in academic essays, business reports, legal documents, and published articles, they undermine your authority and distract from your message.

The words below are common in everyday speech. Recognizing and replacing them during editing is one of the fastest ways to elevate the quality of formal prose.

Casual words and their formal replacements

These substitutions will cover the majority of register problems in most drafts.

  • "A lot" becomes "many," "numerous," or "a significant number." "A lot" is vague and reads as conversational.
  • "Get" becomes "obtain," "acquire," "receive," or "become." "Get" is one of the most overused words in English and almost always has a more precise alternative.
  • "Thing" becomes the specific noun it refers to. "Several things contributed" becomes "several factors contributed." Precision always beats vagueness.
  • "Pretty" or "really" (as intensifiers) should be removed entirely or replaced with "quite," "considerably," or "substantially." These filler intensifiers add no measurable meaning.
  • "Stuff" becomes "material," "content," "matters," or another specific noun. Like "thing," it is a placeholder that formal writing should not need.
  • "Kids" becomes "children" in formal contexts. "Kids" is perfectly fine in casual writing but too informal for academic or professional documents.
  • "Gonna," "wanna," "gotta" become "going to," "want to," "have to." Contractions of this type have no place in formal prose.

Filler phrases to cut entirely

Some phrases add words without adding meaning. Cutting them makes your writing tighter and more authoritative.

  • "In order to" can almost always be shortened to "to." "In order to succeed" becomes "to succeed."
  • "Due to the fact that" becomes "because." Five words become one with no loss of meaning.
  • "At the end of the day" is a cliche that means "ultimately." Use "ultimately" instead, or cut it entirely.
  • "It goes without saying" should be removed. If it truly goes without saying, do not say it. If the point needs to be stated, just state it.
  • "Basically" and "essentially" are verbal crutches. In writing, they signal that the author is about to oversimplify. Cut them and let the sentence stand on its own.
  • "I think" or "I believe" can weaken arguments in formal writing. Instead of "I believe this policy is harmful," write "This policy is harmful." State your position with confidence.

When informality is intentional and effective

Not all formal documents require the same level of rigidity. A company blog post can use "get" and "a lot" without losing credibility. A fundraising letter might deliberately use casual language to create warmth. The key is intentionality: if you choose an informal word because it serves your audience and purpose, that is good writing. If it slips in because you did not notice, that is a missed editing opportunity.

Before cutting informal language, ask who will read this document and what tone they expect. Match the register to the context, and you will never go wrong.

Word Context Matrix

Use this quick matrix to compare core words in this guide and jump directly into deeper lookup pages.

Synonym and Contrast Explorer

Real Usage Examples

Example sentences pulled from our lexical corpus to show natural context.

formal

The school uniform is convenient because it can be worn for both informal and formal occasions.

informal

The school uniform is convenient because it can be worn for both informal and formal occasions.

colloquial

These stories are told in colloquial and everyday language.

academic

Debate is an academic game between the affirmative and the negative.

professional

Do you have professional experience?

register

Hunger compelled the boy to steal money from the cash register.

FAQ

Should I avoid all contractions in formal writing?

It depends on the context. Academic papers and legal documents traditionally avoid contractions entirely. Business writing has relaxed this rule considerably, and most modern style guides accept contractions in professional correspondence. If you are unsure, check your organization or publication's style guide. When no guide exists, erring on the side of formality is safer.

Is using "I" acceptable in formal writing?

In most modern academic and professional writing, yes. The old rule against first person has been abandoned by most style guides, including APA and Chicago. However, overusing "I" can make writing feel self-centered. Use it when it adds clarity ("I argue that...") and avoid it when the subject is not you.

How do I know if a word is too informal?

Read your sentence aloud and imagine saying it in a job interview or a conference presentation. If the word sounds out of place in that setting, it is probably too informal for your document. Another test: would a newspaper editor keep the word? If not, find a more neutral alternative.

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