What does "caliphate" mean?

Monarchical government based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad, ruled by a caliph.

Caliphate

Common synonyms include: dynastic state, empire, historic polity, ideological caliphate, imperialism, islamic empire.

/ˈkælɪfeɪt/ noun

noun ·Uncommon ·Advanced level

Noun

1
Monarchical government based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad, ruled by a caliph.
2
the office of a caliph wordnet
3
the territorial jurisdiction of a caliph wordnet

"The Mongols invaded Baghdad in 1258 and destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate."

From Medieval Latin calīphātus, equivalent to caliph + -ate.