Including

//ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ// prep, verb

prep, verb ·Uncommon ·Advanced level

Definitions

Verb
  1. 1
    present participle and gerund of include form-of, gerund, participle, present
Preposition
  1. 1
    Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.

    "All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism."

  2. 2
    Introducing a finite clause. nonstandard, rare

    "I have always argued that it is one that deserves a thorough-going policy review, which might come to all sorts of conclusions, including it is doing what the Government of the day wants it to."

Synonyms

All synonyms
added toalong withas well asassimilatingattended bycompact of

Example

More examples

"An astute reader should be willing to weigh everything they read, including anonymous sources."

Etymology

By surface analysis, include + -ing.

Related phrases

everything including the kitchen sinksuch as

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Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.