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Quadrature

//ˈkwɒd.ɹəˌtjʊə(ɹ)// noun

Noun

1
The process of making something square; squaring. countable, uncountable
2
the construction of a square having the same area as some other figure wordnet
3
The act or process of constructing a square that has the same area as a given plane figure, or of computing that area. countable, uncountable
"1976, D. T. Whiteside (editor), The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, Volume 7: 1691-1695, Cambridge University Press, page 3, Craige was then on the point of publishing a short tract wherein he expounded a systematic (if far from general) 'Method of determining the quadrature of figures comprehended by straight lines and curves', there gathering a variety of techniques of rational algebraic quadrature and arc-rectification […] ."
4
The calculation of a definite integral by numerical means. countable, uncountable
"1992, Bernard Bielecki, SINC Quadratures for Cauchy Principal Value Integrals, T.O. Espelid, Alan Genz, Springer, Numerical Integration: Recent Developments, Software and Applications, page 81, Three types of SINC quadratures are surveyed for the evaluation of Cauchy principal value integrals ∫_ΓF(t)dt/(t-x), x∈Γ, where Γ is an arc in the complex plane. Under suitable assumptions on F, the quadrature errors are of order O(e), where N is the number of quadrature nodes and c is a constant independent of N."
5
The act or process of solving an indefinite integral by symbolic means. countable, uncountable

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6
A situation in which the directions of two celestial bodies (or a celestial body and the Sun) form a right angle from the perspective of the observer. countable, uncountable
"When the Moon is in quadrature, it appears in the sky as a half-moon."
7
The condition in which the phase angle between two alternating quantities is 90°. countable, uncountable
"If ν_(IN) has 50% duty-cycle, then the outputs are in quadrature."
8
A painting painted on a wooden panel. countable, uncountable

Borrowed from Latin quadrātūra.

Unscramble this word: quadrature