Spavin

//ˈspævɪn// noun, verb

noun, verb ·Uncommon ·Advanced level

Definitions

Noun
  1. 1
    A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones. countable

    "[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]"

  2. 2
    The stratum of earth underneath a coal deposit. rare, transitive
  3. 3
    a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness wordnet
  4. 4
    A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (etymology 1 sense 1.1). uncountable

    "[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles."

  5. 5
    A similar disease causing a person's leg to be lame. broadly, uncountable

    ""As an inventor," Bob Mason suggested, "you're a howling success at shooting craps! If I were as free of spavins, ringbone, saddle-galls, and splints as you are, I'd have that nanny-goat in here, hog-tie her, flop her and let the boy help himself. Why monkey with weak imitations when you can come so close to the original.""

Verb
  1. 1
    To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun etymology 1 sense 1.2). rare, transitive

    "Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them."

  2. 2
    To impair or injure (someone or something). figuratively, rare, transitive

    "But Ahab; oh he’s a hard driver. Look, driven one leg to death, and spavined the other for life, and now wears out bone legs by the cord."

Example

More examples

"[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]"

Etymology

Etymology 1

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous. The verb is derived from the noun.

Etymology 2

Origin unknown.

Related phrases

Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.