Abbreviations

By getting used to using emojis and other abbreviations to indicate the message's tone, young people drain languages of emotion, relegating words to bland pieces of information, becoming incapable of detecting any emotion at all without these symbols. It makes you wonder how our ancestors could laugh or cry with the correspondence they received. Languages, once so rich in this duality, are now evolving to become combinations of two distinct symbol systems: one for content, the other for tone.

Abbreviations are often used when there isn’t enough space for the full text.

Please memorise these abbreviations.

Please memorize these abbreviations.

Here is a list of common abbreviations.

The technical apparatus of the Dictionary (list of abbreviations, etc.) applies to the Grammar as well and has not been included again in the following pages.