Biotics

That part of biotics which is a defense against suffering, and accordingly also ethics later on, has four divisions, in correspondence with those four sources of suffering: subhuman nature, man's own nature, his living together with fellow-men, and superhuman powers.

More broadly, communal biotics, or ethics, elevates diminution of suffering into a common goal, while culture is that aspect of communal biotics in which people share enjoyment.

Such art of living, or biotics, practiced first instinctively and changing later into conscious maxims, is not yet ethics (just as that other part of biotics, with the positive aim of enjoyment, is not yet culture).