Malik

These outsiders introduced the idea that certain maliks in the nang areas, like the khans in the qalang areas, could receive special privileges in representing the jirga to the outside world. ¶ The notion of paying favored maliks in the FATA for their cooperation did not begin with the British.

The leader of this party was Khoshaba, one of the chiefs, though not the real malik of the Lower Tiyari clan.

[…] the essay interprets the oral traditions of the outcaste Bhuinyas who have traditionally worked as the kamias or dependent labourers of maliks or upper-caste landlords in the southern part of Bihar in eastern India. […] But the kamias' ties with the maliks predated the designation of the relationship as bondage in the nineteenth century.