Pingrang

When the Japanese armies captured Pingrang on 15th September, they discovered that 35 good field guns were left behind, together with hundreds of magazine rifles and hundreds more of breechloaders. The amount of ammunition captured was also enormous.⁴⁷ If the spoils were already so substantial, the quantity of effective weapons the Chinese possessed in Pingrang was certainly impressive.

The later Gaogouli period begins with the move of the capital to the later Pingrang (Pyongyang) in 427 and later Pingrang became the centre of a group of urban complexes on the lower reaches of the Taedong river known as "the three cities and one palace", namely Pingrang-cheng, Huangcheng 黄城, Chang'an-cheng 長安城 and Anhe-gong 安鶴宫[palace]. The Pingrang-cheng city site has a circumference of 23 km and covers an area of 1,850,000 sq m.[…]Gaogouli, when the capital was moved from Heshenggu city to the hinterland (Guonei 國内) and the construction of the capital Yunayancheng 尉那岩城 began, to the year 427, when the Changshou King 長壽王 moved the capital to Pingrang 平壤 (Pyongyang) on the Datong 大同 (Taedong) river.

China lost one battle after another. On land China lost at Pingrang (Pyongyang) in September 1894.[…] For instance, an illustration in the Dianshizhai huabao shows the battle at the Datong river near Pingrang in September 1894 (Figure 6).

When this situation was going on, a general called Lai Huer who was prepared to attack Gaoli by water route from Pingrang came to rescue after he heard that Yang Xuangan attempted to attack the capital.

Andong Protectorate (安東都護府) which had been created in Gaogouli's capital Pingrang (平壤) was moved to Liaodong gucheng (遼東古城) in 676 and Xincheng (新城) in 677, and the governments-general of Xiongjin (熊津都督府, Xiongjin Dudufu) was moved to Jian'an gucheng (建安古城).