Pre-existing

Insurance companies can no longer deny coverage to children because of a pre-existing condition like asthma and diabetes, providing peace of mind for parents of the more than 17.6 million children with pre-existing conditions. Starting in 2014, no American can be discriminated against due to a pre-existing condition.

Before the law, many Americans with pre-existing conditions were locked or priced out of the health insurance market. More than 50,000 Americans with pre-existing conditions have gained coverage through the new Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan.

Are you more likely to believe a story if it confirms your pre-existing beliefs? That is called confirmation bias.

All the deaths from the virus so far in Italy have involved people over the age of 60, most of whom had pre-existing health conditions.

It is also an outcome that would have been difficult to predict ten years ago, with Bolton-born Greenwood admitting to having no pre-existing interest or particular enthusiasm for road, rail or any other form of transport.