Substantives

In Esperanto, substantives, adjectives, adverbs and verbs show their function in a sentence through their ending.

It is customary to begin the teaching of grammar by dividing words into certain classes, generally called "parts of speech" — substantives, adjectives, verbs, etc. — and by giving definitions of these classes.

It is a simple corollary of our definition that the most special of substantives, proper names, cannot be turned into adjectives (or adjuncts, see below) without really losing their character of proper names and becoming more general.