2007, Schumacher, James F, et. al., "Engineered antifouling microtopographies – effect of feature size, geometry, and roughness on settlement of zoospores of the green alga Ulva", Biofouling: The Journal of Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research, 23(1):55-62.http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface?content=a776600187&rt=0&format=pdf Tin and copper-based paints are effective at reducing biofouling, however, an alternative is needed to address environmental restrictions on tin and copper formulations.
Source: wiktionary