By

ב־

be-

(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy)

באמצעות

be'emtza'ut

(indicates the agent of a passive verb)

לפי

lefy

(indicating means of classification or organisation)

מאת

me'et

(indicates creator of a work)

עד

(near, or next to)

עד

(not later than)

על ידי

'al yadei

(indicates the agent of a passive verb)

על ידי

al yedey

(indicates a means)