By
Translations of "by" (74 languages)
| Language | Translation | Romanization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | by(near, or next to), deur(indicates the agent of a passive verb), deur(indicates creator of a work), deur(indicates a means), teen(not later than) | — | |
| Albanian | afer(near, or next to) | — | |
| Ancient Greek | νή(with the authority of), ῠ̔πό(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | nḗ, hŭpó | |
| Arabic | بـ(indicates the agent of a passive verb), بِجَانِب(near, or next to), بِـ(indicates a means), بِـ(with the authority of), بِوَاسِطَّة(indicates the agent of a passive verb), بِوَاسِطَّة(indicates creator of a work), جنب(near, or next to), جنب(near, or next to), حوالي(not later than), عِنْدَ(not later than), فِي(not later than), لِـ(indicates creator of a work), من(indicates the agent of a passive verb), مِن قِبَل(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | be-, bi-jānib, bi-, bi-, bi-wāsiṭa, bi-wāsiṭa, ganb, janb, ḥawālī, ʕinda, fī, li-, min, min qibal | |
| Armenian | առ(indicates steady progression), կողքին(near, or next to), մոտ(near, or next to) | aṙ, koġkʻin, mot | |
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | ܒܝܲܕ(indicates creator of a work) | byād | |
| Azerbaijani | tərəfindən(indicates the agent of a passive verb), vasitəsilə(indicates a means) | — | |
| Bashkir | янында(near, or next to) | yanında | |
| Bavarian German | ba(near, or next to), ba(with the authority of) | — | |
| Bulgarian | до(near, or next to), до(not later than), край(near, or next to), от(indicates the agent of a passive verb), от(indicates creator of a work) | do, do, kraj, ot, ot | |
| Catalan | al costat(near, or next to), per(indicates the agent of a passive verb), per(indicates creator of a work), per a(not later than), proïsme(near, or next to) | — | |
| Chinese Cantonese | ……之前(not later than) | ...zi¹ cin⁴ | |
| Chinese Mandarin | ……之前(not later than), 叫(indicates the agent of a passive verb), 在……旁(near, or next to), 用…(indicates a means), 由(indicates the agent of a passive verb), 由…(indicates a means), 給 /给(indicates the agent of a passive verb), 被(indicates the agent of a passive verb), 讓 /让(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | ...zhīqián, jiào, zāi … pang, yòng, yóu, yóu, gěi, bèi, ràng | |
| Czech | do(not later than), o(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), od(indicates creator of a work), po(indicates steady progression), podle(indicating means of classification or organisation), pomocí(indicates a means), prostřednictvím(indicates a means), u(near, or next to), za(indicates steady progression) | — | |
| Danish | forbi(along a path), af(indicates the agent of a passive verb), af(indicates creator of a work), efter(indicating means of classification or organisation), efter(indicates steady progression), inden(not later than), med(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), ved(near, or next to), ved(indicates a means), ved at(indicates a means) | — | |
| Dutch | langs(along a path), bij(near, or next to), bij(used to separate dimensions), door(indicates the agent of a passive verb), door(indicates creator of a work), door(indicates a means), met(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), op(indicates a means), per(indicates a means), per(indicates steady progression), tegen(not later than), vanwege(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Egyptian | i-n(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | jn | |
| Esperanto | antaŭ(not later than), apud(near, or next to), de(indicates the agent of a passive verb), de(indicates creator of a work), de(with the authority of), far(indicates creator of a work), laŭ(indicating means of classification or organisation), per(indicates a means) | — | |
| Finnish | ohi(along a path), kautta(with the authority of), kautta((indicates an oath) with the authority of), lla(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), mennessä(not later than), mukaan(indicating means of classification or organisation), mukaisesti(indicating means of classification or organisation), vieressä(near, or next to) | — | |
| French | au bord de(near, or next to), au moyen de(indicates a means), avant(not later than), de(indicates creator of a work), en(indicates a means), par(indicates the agent of a passive verb), par(indicates creator of a work), par(indicates a means), par(with the authority of), par(indicates steady progression), par(used to separate dimensions), près de(near, or next to), à côté de(near, or next to) | — | |
| Galician | cabo(near, or next to), por(indicates the agent of a passive verb), so(near, or next to) | — | |
| German | längs(along a path), auf(used to separate dimensions), bei(near, or next to), bei(with the authority of), bis(not later than), durch(indicates the agent of a passive verb), durch(indicates a means), indem(indicates a means), mal(used to separate dimensions), mit(indicates a means), mittels(indicates a means), nach(indicating means of classification or organisation), neben(near, or next to), um(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), um(indicates steady progression), von(indicates the agent of a passive verb), von(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Gothic | 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | þairh | |
| Greek | από(indicates the agent of a passive verb), από(indicates a means), διά(indicates a means), μα(with the authority of) | apó, apó, diá, ma | |
| Hawaiian | hiʻialo(near, or next to), kokoke(near, or next to) | — | |
| Hebrew | ב־(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), באמצעות(indicates the agent of a passive verb), לפי(indicating means of classification or organisation), מאת(indicates creator of a work), עד(near, or next to), עד(not later than), על ידי(indicates the agent of a passive verb), על ידי(indicates a means) | be-, be'emtza'ut, lefy, me'et, 'al yadei, al yedey | |
| Hindi | ...से(indicates the agent of a passive verb), जानिब(near, or next to), तक(not later than) | jānib, tak | |
| Hungarian | alapján(with the authority of), ig(not later than), meg(with the authority of), mig(with the authority of), nként(indicates steady progression), ra(not later than), ra((indicates an oath) with the authority of), re(not later than), re((indicates an oath) with the authority of), révén(indicates a means), szer(used to separate dimensions), szerint(with the authority of), szerint(indicating means of classification or organisation), szor(used to separate dimensions), ször(used to separate dimensions), tól(indicates creator of a work), től(indicates creator of a work), val(indicates a means), val(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), vel(indicates a means), vel(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), által(indicates the agent of a passive verb), által(indicates a means), útján(indicates a means) | — | |
| Icelandic | eftir(indicates creator of a work), fyrir(not later than), við(near, or next to) | — | |
| Ido | apud(near, or next to), da(indicates creator of a work), per(indicates a means) | — | |
| Indonesian | di sebelah ...(near, or next to), kena(indicates a means), oleh(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Interlingua | a(indicates creator of a work), ab(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Italian | accanto(near, or next to), con(indicates a means), da(indicates the agent of a passive verb), da(indicates creator of a work), dal(indicating means of classification or organisation), del(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), di(indicates creator of a work), di(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), di(indicates steady progression), entro(not later than), mediante(indicates a means), per(with the authority of), per(indicating means of classification or organisation), per(indicates steady progression), per mezzo di(indicates a means), ravvicinato(near, or next to), tramite(indicates a means), vicino(near, or next to) | — | |
| Japanese | 道に沿って(along a path), …で(indicates a means), …に(indicates the agent of a passive verb), …に(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), …によって(indicates the agent of a passive verb), …によって(indicates a means), …により(indicates the agent of a passive verb), …により(indicates a means), …に従って(indicating means of classification or organisation), …の側で(near, or next to), …の側に(near, or next to), …までに(not later than), …作(indicates creator of a work), …著(with the authority of), 作…(indicates creator of a work), 著…(with the authority of) | michi ni sotte, …ni, ni, …niyotte, …niyotte, …niyori, no sobade, no sobani, …madeni | |
| Kapampangan | ...a(indicates creator of a work), ...ken(indicates a means), ...king lele naning...(near, or next to), ...king siping naning...(near, or next to), agpang(indicates the agent of a passive verb), agpang kang(indicating means of classification or organisation), agpang king(indicating means of classification or organisation), agpang naning(indicating means of classification or organisation), angga(not later than), angga king...(not later than), anggang(not later than), bakanitang...(used to separate dimensions), balang(indicates steady progression), bang(used to separate dimensions), bilang(indicates the agent of a passive verb), bilang(indicates a means), gamit ing(indicates a means), gamit ing(with the authority of), gamit naning...(indicates a means), gamit ning...(indicates a means), gaua dareng...(indicates creator of a work), gaua nang...(indicates creator of a work), ibat king...(indicates a means), kalele naning...(near, or next to), kasiping naning...(near, or next to), keng(indicates steady progression), ketang(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), king(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), king(indicates steady progression), nang...(indicates creator of a work), ngana(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ngara(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ngayu(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ning...(indicates creator of a work), pangalele naning...(near, or next to), pangasiping naning...(near, or next to), papunta king...(with the authority of), pauli ning...(indicates the agent of a passive verb), uli naning...(indicates the agent of a passive verb), uling king...(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Kazakh | жанында(near, or next to), қасында(near, or next to) | janynda, qasynda | |
| Korean | ...까지(not later than), ...로(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ...로(indicates a means), ...로(indicating means of classification or organisation), ...로서(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ...로써(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ...로써(indicates a means), ...에 따라(indicating means of classification or organisation), ...에 의해(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ...의(indicates creator of a work), …에(indicates the agent of a passive verb), 곁에(near, or next to), 옆에(near, or next to) | ...kkaji, ...ro, ...ro, ...ro, ...roseo, ...rosseo, ...rosseo, ...e ttara, ...e uihae, ...ui, …e, gyeote, yeope | |
| Latin | a(indicates the agent of a passive verb), a(indicates creator of a work), ab(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ab(indicates creator of a work), ab(indicates a means), apud(near, or next to), aput(near, or next to), cata(indicating means of classification or organisation), per(indicates a means) | — | |
| Latvian | pa(indicates a means) | — | |
| Lithuanian | prie(near, or next to) | — | |
| Lower Sorbian | pla(near, or next to), pśi(near, or next to), wó(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy) | — | |
| Macedonian | до(near, or next to), до(not later than), кај(near, or next to), од(indicates the agent of a passive verb), од(indicates creator of a work) | do, do, kaj, od, od | |
| Malay | di sepanjang(along a path), demi(indicates steady progression), dengan(indicates a means), di sebelah(near, or next to), mengikut(indicating means of classification or organisation), menjelang(not later than), oleh(indicates the agent of a passive verb), oleh(indicates creator of a work), per(indicates steady progression) | — | |
| Maltese | bi(not later than), bi(indicates creator of a work), bi(indicates a means) | — | |
| Maore Comorian | wangoni mwa(near, or next to) | — | |
| Māori | i(near, or next to), i te taha o(near, or next to), ki(indicates a means), nā(indicates creator of a work), nā(indicates a means), nā(with the authority of) | — | |
| Ngazidja Comorian | ha(indicates a means), ni(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Northern Kurdish | di ber re(along a path), tê re(along a path), bi(indicates a means), bi(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), bi(indicates steady progression), bi destê(indicates creator of a work), heta(not later than), ji aliyê ... ve(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ji alî(indicates the agent of a passive verb), ji alî(indicates creator of a work), li(near, or next to), li dû(indicating means of classification or organisation), li gor(indicating means of classification or organisation), li kêleka(near, or next to), li nêzî(near, or next to), li rex(near, or next to), li tenişta(near, or next to), ta(not later than) | — | |
| Norwegian | av(indicates the agent of a passive verb), av(indicates creator of a work), etter(indicating means of classification or organisation), etter(indicates steady progression), for(indicates steady progression), innen(not later than), med(indicates a means), med(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), ved(near, or next to), ved(indicates creator of a work), ved(with the authority of) | — | |
| Old English | be(near, or next to), be(not later than), fram(indicates the agent of a passive verb), of(indicates creator of a work), þurh(indicates a means), þurh((indicates an oath) with the authority of) | — | |
| Persian | تا(not later than) | tâ | |
| Polish | do(not later than), na(with the authority of), na(used to separate dimensions), o(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), obok(near, or next to), po(indicates steady progression), przez(indicates the agent of a passive verb), przez(indicates creator of a work), przy(near, or next to), według(indicating means of classification or organisation), za(indicates steady progression) | — | |
| Portuguese | por mim(along a path), por nós(along a path), a(indicates a means), até(not later than), de(indicates creator of a work), em(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), perto(near, or next to), por(indicates the agent of a passive verb), por(indicates creator of a work), por(indicates a means), por(with the authority of), por(indicating means of classification or organisation), por(indicates steady progression), próximo(near, or next to) | — | |
| Romanian | cu(indicates a means), cu(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), cu(indicates steady progression), de(indicates the agent of a passive verb), de(indicates creator of a work), de către(indicates the agent of a passive verb), după(indicating means of classification or organisation), lângă(near, or next to), pe((indicates an oath) with the authority of), pe(used to separate dimensions), până(not later than), înainte de(not later than) | — | |
| Russian | во и́мя(with the authority of), до(not later than), за(indicates steady progression), к(not later than), на(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), о́коло(near, or next to), от и́мени(with the authority of), по(indicating means of classification or organisation), ря́дом с(near, or next to), у(near, or next to) | vo ímja, do, za, k, na, ókolo, ot ímeni, po, rjádom s, u | |
| Scots | bi(indicating means of classification or organisation) | — | |
| Scottish Gaelic | seachad(along a path), le(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Slovak | okolo(along a path), do(not later than), o(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), od(indicates creator of a work), po(indicates steady progression), podľa(indicating means of classification or organisation), pri(near, or next to), za(indicates steady progression) | — | |
| Slovene | do(not later than), od(indicates the agent of a passive verb), od(indicates creator of a work), po(indicating means of classification or organisation), pri(near, or next to), s(indicates a means), z(indicates a means), za(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy) | — | |
| Spanish | por(along a path), acorde a(indicating means of classification or organisation), ante(indicates the agent of a passive verb), cerca de(near, or next to), de acuerdo a(indicating means of classification or organisation), frente a(indicates the agent of a passive verb), hecho por(indicates creator of a work), para(not later than), por(near, or next to), por(indicates the agent of a passive verb), por(indicates creator of a work), por(indicates a means), por(indicating means of classification or organisation), por(indicates steady progression), por(used to separate dimensions), por parte de(indicates the agent of a passive verb), según(indicating means of classification or organisation) | — | |
| Swahili | na(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Swedish | längs(along a path), längs med(along a path), av(indicates the agent of a passive verb), av(indicates creator of a work), efter(indicating means of classification or organisation), efter(indicates steady progression), genom att(indicates a means), innan(not later than), intill(near, or next to), med(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), vid(near, or next to), vid(with the authority of), vid((indicates an oath) with the authority of) | — | |
| Tagalog | ng(indicates creator of a work), ni(indicates creator of a work), nina(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Thai | ข้าง(near, or next to), ติดกับ(near, or next to), เคียง(near, or next to), โดย(indicates the agent of a passive verb), โดย(indicates creator of a work), โดย(indicates a means) | kâang, dtìt gàp, kiang, doy, doy, doy | |
| Turkish | tamanından(indicates the agent of a passive verb), tarafindan(indicates creator of a work), tarafından(indicates the agent of a passive verb), vasıtasıyla(indicates a means) | — | |
| Turkmen | tarapyndan(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Ukrainian | повз(along a path), до(not later than), за(indicates steady progression), за допомогою(indicates a means), на(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy), по(indicating means of classification or organisation) | povz, do, za, za dopomohoju, na, po | |
| Urdu | ...سے(indicates the agent of a passive verb), تک(not later than) | tak | |
| Uzbek | tomonidan(indicates the agent of a passive verb) | — | |
| Vietnamese | qua(along a path), bên(near, or next to), bên cạnh(near, or next to), bằng cách(indicates a means), bởi(indicates the agent of a passive verb), cạnh(near, or next to), của(indicates creator of a work), gần(near, or next to), kề(near, or next to), theo(indicating means of classification or organisation), theo cách(indicates a means), theo như(indicating means of classification or organisation), trước(with the authority of), tuân theo(indicating means of classification or organisation) | — | |
| Volapük | a(indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy) | — | |
| Welsh | gan(indicates the agent of a passive verb), gan(indicates creator of a work), wrth(near, or next to), â(indicates a means) | — | |
| West-Frisian | troch(indicates the agent of a passive verb), troch(indicates creator of a work) | — | |
| Yiddish | לויט(indicating means of classification or organisation) | loyt |
by, deur, deur, deur, teen
afer
بـ, بِجَانِب, بِـ, بِـ, بِوَاسِطَّة, بِوَاسِطَّة, جنب, جنب, حوالي, عِنْدَ, فِي, لِـ, من, مِن قِبَل
be-, bi-jānib, bi-, bi-, bi-wāsiṭa, bi-wāsiṭa, ganb, janb, ḥawālī, ʕinda, fī, li-, min, min qibal
tərəfindən, vasitəsilə
ba, ba
al costat, per, per, per a, proïsme
……之前, 叫, 在……旁, 用…, 由, 由…, 給 /给, 被, 讓 /让
...zhīqián, jiào, zāi … pang, yòng, yóu, yóu, gěi, bèi, ràng
do, o, od, po, podle, pomocí, prostřednictvím, u, za
forbi, af, af, efter, efter, inden, med, ved, ved, ved at
langs, bij, bij, door, door, door, met, op, per, per, tegen, vanwege
antaŭ, apud, de, de, de, far, laŭ, per
ohi, kautta, kautta, lla, mennessä, mukaan, mukaisesti, vieressä
au bord de, au moyen de, avant, de, en, par, par, par, par, par, par, près de, à côté de
cabo, por, so
längs, auf, bei, bei, bis, durch, durch, indem, mal, mit, mittels, nach, neben, um, um, von, von
hiʻialo, kokoke
ב־, באמצעות, לפי, מאת, עד, עד, על ידי, על ידי
be-, be'emtza'ut, lefy, me'et, 'al yadei, al yedey
alapján, ig, meg, mig, nként, ra, ra, re, re, révén, szer, szerint, szerint, szor, ször, tól, től, val, val, vel, vel, által, által, útján
eftir, fyrir, við
apud, da, per
di sebelah ..., kena, oleh
a, ab
accanto, con, da, da, dal, del, di, di, di, entro, mediante, per, per, per, per mezzo di, ravvicinato, tramite, vicino
道に沿って, …で, …に, …に, …によって, …によって, …により, …により, …に従って, …の側で, …の側に, …までに, …作, …著, 作…, 著…
michi ni sotte, …ni, ni, …niyotte, …niyotte, …niyori, no sobade, no sobani, …madeni
...a, ...ken, ...king lele naning..., ...king siping naning..., agpang, agpang kang, agpang king, agpang naning, angga, angga king..., anggang, bakanitang..., balang, bang, bilang, bilang, gamit ing, gamit ing, gamit naning..., gamit ning..., gaua dareng..., gaua nang..., ibat king..., kalele naning..., kasiping naning..., keng, ketang, king, king, nang..., ngana, ngara, ngayu, ning..., pangalele naning..., pangasiping naning..., papunta king..., pauli ning..., uli naning..., uling king...
...까지, ...로, ...로, ...로, ...로서, ...로써, ...로써, ...에 따라, ...에 의해, ...의, …에, 곁에, 옆에
...kkaji, ...ro, ...ro, ...ro, ...roseo, ...rosseo, ...rosseo, ...e ttara, ...e uihae, ...ui, …e, gyeote, yeope
a, a, ab, ab, ab, apud, aput, cata, per
pa
prie
pla, pśi, wó
di sepanjang, demi, dengan, di sebelah, mengikut, menjelang, oleh, oleh, per
bi, bi, bi
wangoni mwa
i, i te taha o, ki, nā, nā, nā
ha, ni
di ber re, tê re, bi, bi, bi, bi destê, heta, ji aliyê ... ve, ji alî, ji alî, li, li dû, li gor, li kêleka, li nêzî, li rex, li tenişta, ta
av, av, etter, etter, for, innen, med, med, ved, ved, ved
be, be, fram, of, þurh, þurh
do, na, na, o, obok, po, przez, przez, przy, według, za
por mim, por nós, a, até, de, em, perto, por, por, por, por, por, por, próximo
cu, cu, cu, de, de, de către, după, lângă, pe, pe, până, înainte de
во и́мя, до, за, к, на, о́коло, от и́мени, по, ря́дом с, у
vo ímja, do, za, k, na, ókolo, ot ímeni, po, rjádom s, u
bi
seachad, le
okolo, do, o, od, po, podľa, pri, za
do, od, od, po, pri, s, z, za
por, acorde a, ante, cerca de, de acuerdo a, frente a, hecho por, para, por, por, por, por, por, por, por, por parte de, según
na
längs, längs med, av, av, efter, efter, genom att, innan, intill, med, vid, vid, vid
ng, ni, nina
tamanından, tarafindan, tarafından, vasıtasıyla
tarapyndan
tomonidan
qua, bên, bên cạnh, bằng cách, bởi, cạnh, của, gần, kề, theo, theo cách, theo như, trước, tuân theo
gan, gan, wrth, â
troch, troch
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Data sourced from Wiktionary, WordNet, CMU, and other open linguistic databases. Updated March 2026.