Caliph

Zulfiqar was the famous sword of Hazret-i Ali, fourth caliph of Islam.

Islamic tradition has a Jewish convert, Kaʽb al-Aḥbār, pointing the Foundation Stone out to the caliph Umar, which Umar immediately recognized as a holy site for Jews.

Kaʽb al-Aḥbār suggested the Temple Mount to the caliph Umar as a place to build a mosque, not because of Mohammed, but because it was sacred to him as a Jewish convert.

The caliph Umar initially suggested that Kaʽb al-Aḥbār was imitating his former religion of Judaism by suggesting that a mosque be built over the Foundation Stone on the Temple Mount.

Baba Abdullah was a very wealthy merchant and lived in the city of 'Baghdad' during the reign of the caliph 'Harun er-Rashid'.

Raqqa's Old City, which contains a complex of palaces built by the famed caliph Harun al-Rashid about 1,300 years ago, contains a hippodrome that was used by the caliph to hold horse races.

The Abbasid caliphs patronized art and science beside religious developments ushering in the Islamic Golden Age when their capital Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade.

It carries us to the East, and the stately halls of the caliphs rise on the mind's eye; and we think over the thousand and one stories which made our childhood so happy, and stored up a world of unconscious poetry for our future years:...